是否可以访问专用模板类中非类型模板参数的值?

这种问题可以通过一组单独的“特征”结构来解决。

// A default Traits class has no information
template<class T> struct Traits
{
};

// A convenient way to get the Traits of the type of a given value without
// having to explicitly write out the type
template<typename T> Traits<T> GetTraits(const T&)
{
    return Traits<T>();
}

template <int major, int minor> struct A 
{ 
    void f() 
    { 
        cout << major << endl; 
    }   
};

// Specialisation of the traits for any A<int, int>
template<int N1, int N2> struct Traits<A<N1, N2> >
{
    enum { major = N1, minor = N2 };
};

template <> struct A<4,0> 
{       
    void f() 
    { 
        cout << GetTraits(*this).major << endl; 
    }   
};

对你的问题没有真正的答案,但你可以列举出来,即:

enum{
 specialisationMajor=4,
 specialisationMinor=0
};

template <> struct A<specialisationMajor,specialisationMinor> {
    static const int major = specialisationMajor;
    static const int minor = specialisationMinor;
    ...
}

不是你的问题的真正答案,但下面的想法曾经帮助过我:

#include <iostream>

template <int major, int minor, int= major, int= minor> struct A {
    void f() { std::cout << major << '\n'; }
};

template <int major, int minor> struct A<major, minor, 4, 0> {
    void f() { std::cout << major << ':' << minor << '\n'; }
};

int main()
{
    A<3, 3>().f();
    A<4, 0>().f();
}