在大写/小写边界拆分字符串

使用 re.findall :

import re
x = 'aagaaggagatataccATGAATTTGTCGGTTTACCCCAATTTAACCAAAgaaaacctgtacaa'

re.findall(r'[a-z]+|[A-Z]+', x)
# ['aagaaggagatatacc', 'ATGAATTTGTCGGTTTACCCCAATTTAACCAAA', 'gaaaacctgtacaa']

另一种根据大小写将字符串拆分为列表的方法。

x = 'ATGAaagaaggagatatacAcATGAATTTGTCGGTTTACCCCAATTTAACCAAAgaaaacctgtacaaAaa'

l=[]
lstr=''
ustr=''


def createList(s):
    l.append(s)

for i in list(x):
    if i.islower():
        lstr+=i
        if ustr != '':
            createList(ustr)
        ustr = ''
    elif i.isupper():
        if lstr != '':
            createList(lstr)
        ustr+=i
        lstr=''

if list(x)[-1].islower():
    createList(lstr)
else:
    createList(ustr)

print(l)

输出

['ATGA', 'aagaaggagatatac', 'A', 'c', 'ATGAATTTGTCGGTTTACCCCAATTTAACCAAA', 'gaaaacctgtacaa', 'A', 'aa']