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用递推公式改进纯Python素筛

slice primes list python

Tony Veijalainen · 技术社区 · 16 年前

我试图通过去掉子列表长度的复杂公式,进一步优化素数线程中的冠军解。相同子序列的len()太慢,因为len很昂贵,生成子序列也很昂贵。这看起来稍微加快了函数的速度,但是我还不能去掉除法,尽管我只在条件语句中做除法。当然,我可以试着简化长度计算,去掉n的起始标记优化,而不是n*n。。。

from __future__ import division

如果你为代码启用psyco,故事就完全不同了,然而Atkins筛码比这种特殊的切片技术更快。

import cProfile

def rwh_primes1(n):
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2068372/fastest-way-to-list-all-primes-below-n-in-python/3035188#3035188
    """ Returns  a list of primes < n """
    sieve = [True] * (n//2)
    for i in xrange(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
        if sieve[i//2]:
            sieve[i*i//2::i] = [False] * ((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
    return [2] + [2*i+1 for i in xrange(1,n/2) if sieve[i]]

def primes(n):
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2068372/fastest-way-to-list-all-primes-below-n-in-python/3035188#3035188
    # recurrence formula for length by amount1 and amount2 Tony Veijalainen 2010
    """ Returns  a list of primes < n """
    sieve = [True] * (n//2)
    amount1 = n-10
    amount2 = 6

    for i in xrange(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
        if sieve[i//2]:
             ## can you make recurrence formula for whole reciprocal?
            sieve[i*i//2::i] = [False] * (amount1//amount2+1)
        amount1-=4*i+4
        amount2+=4

    return [2] + [2*i+1 for i in xrange(1,n//2) if sieve[i]]

numprimes=1000000
print('Profiling')
cProfile.Profile.bias = 4e-6
for test in (rwh_primes1, primes):
    cProfile.run("test(numprimes)")

分析(版本之间没有太大差异)

         3 function calls in 0.191 CPU seconds

   Ordered by: standard name

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
        1    0.006    0.006    0.191    0.191 <string>:1(<module>)
        1    0.185    0.185    0.185    0.185 myprimes.py:3(rwh_primes1)
        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}


         3 function calls in 0.192 CPU seconds

   Ordered by: standard name

   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
        1    0.006    0.006    0.192    0.192 <string>:1(<module>)
        1    0.186    0.186    0.186    0.186 myprimes.py:12(primes)
        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}

rwh_primes1 took 23.670 s
primes took 22.792 s
primesieve took 10.850 s

有趣的是,如果不生成素数列表,但返回筛本身,则时间大约是数字列表版本的一半。

2 回复 | 直到 15 年前

jack_carver 15 年前

下面是一个C++代码。希望这有帮助。

void sieve23()
{
    int lim=sqrt(MAX);
    for(int i=5,bit1=0;i<=lim;i+=(bit1?4:2),bit1^=1)
    {
        if(!isComp[i/3])
        {
            for(int j=i,bit2=1;;)
            {
                j+=(bit2?4*i:2*i);
                bit2=!bit2;
                if(j>=MAX)break;
                isComp[j/3]=1;
            }
        }
    }
}

Community Mohan Dere 9 年前

如果你决定你要用C++来提高速度,我把Python筛选器移植到C++。完整的讨论可以在这里找到: Porting optimized Sieve of Eratosthenes from Python to C++

g++ -O3 当N=100000000时,需要415毫秒。

#include <vector>
#include <boost/dynamic_bitset.hpp>

// http://vault.embedded.com/98/9802fe2.htm - integer square root
unsigned short isqrt(unsigned long a) {
    unsigned long rem = 0;
    unsigned long root = 0;

    for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        root <<= 1;
        rem = ((rem << 2) + (a >> 30));
        a <<= 2;
        root++;

        if (root <= rem) {
            rem -= root;
            root++;
        } else root--;

    }

    return static_cast<unsigned short> (root >> 1);
}

// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2068372/fastest-way-to-list-all-primes-below-n-in-python/3035188#3035188
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5293238/porting-optimized-sieve-of-eratosthenes-from-python-to-c/5293492
template <class T>
void primesbelow(T N, std::vector<T> &primes) {
    T i, j, k, sievemax, sievemaxroot;

    sievemax = N/3;
    if ((N % 6) == 2) sievemax++;

    sievemaxroot = isqrt(N)/3;

    boost::dynamic_bitset<> sieve(sievemax);
    sieve.set();
    sieve[0] = 0;

    for (i = 0; i <= sievemaxroot; i++) {
        if (sieve[i]) {
            k = (3*i + 1) | 1;
            for (j = k*k/3; j < sievemax; j += 2*k) sieve[j] = 0;
            for (j = (k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))/3; j < sievemax; j += 2*k) sieve[j] = 0;
        }
    }

    primes.push_back(2);
    primes.push_back(3);

    for (i = 0; i < sievemax; i++) {
        if (sieve[i]) primes.push_back((3*i+1)|1);
    }

}