从python浮点类型到IEEE 64位浮点数组再回到python 3的最佳方式是什么?[重复]

你可以用 struct 包裹:

import struct
def binary(num):
    return ''.join('{:0>8b}'.format(c) for c in struct.pack('!f', num))

它将其打包为网络字节顺序浮点,然后将每个结果字节转换为8位二进制表示形式,并将它们连接起来:

>>> binary(1)
'00111111100000000000000000000000'

编辑 : 有人要求扩大解释范围。我将使用中间变量来对每一步进行注释。

def binary(num):
    # Struct can provide us with the float packed into bytes. The '!' ensures that
    # it's in network byte order (big-endian) and the 'f' says that it should be
    # packed as a float. Alternatively, for double-precision, you could use 'd'.
    packed = struct.pack('!f', num)
    print 'Packed: %s' % repr(packed)

    # For each character in the returned string, we'll turn it into its corresponding
    # integer code point
    # 
    # [62, 163, 215, 10] = [ord(c) for c in '>\xa3\xd7\n']
    integers = [ord(c) for c in packed]
    print 'Integers: %s' % integers

    # For each integer, we'll convert it to its binary representation.
    binaries = [bin(i) for i in integers]
    print 'Binaries: %s' % binaries

    # Now strip off the '0b' from each of these
    stripped_binaries = [s.replace('0b', '') for s in binaries]
    print 'Stripped: %s' % stripped_binaries

    # Pad each byte's binary representation's with 0's to make sure it has all 8 bits:
    #
    # ['00111110', '10100011', '11010111', '00001010']
    padded = [s.rjust(8, '0') for s in stripped_binaries]
    print 'Padded: %s' % padded

    # At this point, we have each of the bytes for the network byte ordered float
    # in an array as binary strings. Now we just concatenate them to get the total
    # representation of the float:
    return ''.join(padded)

下面是几个例子的结果:

>>> binary(1)
Packed: '?\x80\x00\x00'
Integers: [63, 128, 0, 0]
Binaries: ['0b111111', '0b10000000', '0b0', '0b0']
Stripped: ['111111', '10000000', '0', '0']
Padded: ['00111111', '10000000', '00000000', '00000000']
'00111111100000000000000000000000'

>>> binary(0.32)
Packed: '>\xa3\xd7\n'
Integers: [62, 163, 215, 10]
Binaries: ['0b111110', '0b10100011', '0b11010111', '0b1010']
Stripped: ['111110', '10100011', '11010111', '1010']
Padded: ['00111110', '10100011', '11010111', '00001010']
'00111110101000111101011100001010'

这是一个丑陋的。。。

>>> import struct
>>> bin(struct.unpack('!i',struct.pack('!f',1.0))[0])
'0b111111100000000000000000000000'

基本上,我只是用struct模块将float转换成int。。。

这里有一个稍微好一点的 ctypes :

>>> import ctypes
>>> bin(ctypes.c_uint.from_buffer(ctypes.c_float(1.0)).value)
'0b111111100000000000000000000000'

基本上,我构建了一个 float 使用相同的内存位置,但我将其标记为 c_uint 库因特 的值是一个python整数,可以使用内置的 bin 功能开启。

使用 bitstring 单元

import bitstring
f1 = bitstring.BitArray(float=1.0, length=32)
print(f1.bin)

输出:

00111111100000000000000000000000

为了完整性起见,您可以使用numpy实现这一点:

f = 1.00
int32bits = np.asarray(f, dtype=np.float32).view(np.int32).item()  # item() optional

然后可以使用 b 格式限定符

print('{:032b}'.format(int32bits))

通过将问题分成两部分,可以更清晰地处理这个问题。

第一种方法是将浮点转换为具有等效位模式的整数:

import struct
def float32_bit_pattern(value):
    return sum(ord(b) << 8*i for i,b in enumerate(struct.pack('f', value)))

Python 3不需要 ord 要将字节转换为整数,需要将上面的内容简化一点:

def float32_bit_pattern(value):
    return sum(b << 8*i for i,b in enumerate(struct.pack('f', value)))

接下来,将int转换为字符串:

def int_to_binary(value, bits):
    return bin(value).replace('0b', '').rjust(bits, '0')

现在将它们结合起来:

>>> int_to_binary(float32_bit_pattern(1.0), 32)
'00111111100000000000000000000000'

通过这两个简单的函数( Python>=3.6 )对于IEEE 754 binary64,您可以轻松地将浮点数转换为二进制数,反之亦然。

import struct

def bin2float(b):
    ''' Convert binary string to a float.

    Attributes:
        :b: Binary string to transform.
    '''
    h = int(b, 2).to_bytes(8, byteorder="big")
    return struct.unpack('>d', h)[0]


def float2bin(f):
    ''' Convert float to 64-bit binary string.

    Attributes:
        :f: Float number to transform.
    '''
    [d] = struct.unpack(">Q", struct.pack(">d", f))
    return f'{d:064b}'

例如:

print(float2bin(1.618033988749894))
print(float2bin(3.14159265359))
print(float2bin(5.125))
print(float2bin(13.80))

print(bin2float('0011111111111001111000110111011110011011100101111111010010100100'))
print(bin2float('0100000000001001001000011111101101010100010001000010111011101010'))
print(bin2float('0100000000010100100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'))
print(bin2float('0100000000101011100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011010'))

输出为:

0011111111111001111000110111011110011011100101111111010010100100
0100000000001001001000011111101101010100010001000010111011101010
0100000000010100100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0100000000101011100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011010
1.618033988749894
3.14159265359
5.125
13.8

我希望你喜欢,它非常适合我。

Piggy在Dan的答案后面添加了蟒蛇3的彩色版本:

import struct

BLUE = "\033[1;34m"
CYAN = "\033[1;36m"
GREEN = "\033[0;32m"
RESET = "\033[0;0m"


def binary(num):
    return [bin(c).replace('0b', '').rjust(8, '0') for c in struct.pack('!f', num)]


def binary_str(num):
    bits = ''.join(binary(num))
    return ''.join([BLUE, bits[:1], GREEN, bits[1:10], CYAN, bits[10:], RESET])


def binary_str_fp16(num):
    bits = ''.join(binary(num))
    return ''.join([BLUE, bits[:1], GREEN, bits[1:10][-5:], CYAN, bits[10:][:11], RESET])

x = 0.7
print(x, "as fp32:", binary_str(0.7), "as fp16 is sort of:", binary_str_fp16(0.7))

在浏览了很多类似的问题后,我写了一些东西,希望能达到我的目的。

f = 1.00
negative = False
if f < 0:
    f = f*-1
    negative = True

s = struct.pack('>f', f)
p = struct.unpack('>l', s)[0]
hex_data =  hex(p)

scale = 16
num_of_bits = 32
binrep = bin(int(hex_data, scale))[2:].zfill(num_of_bits)
if negative:
    binrep = '1' + binrep[1:]

binrep 这就是结果。 每个部分都将被解释。

f = 1.00
negative = False
if f < 0:
    f = f*-1
    negative = True

如果为负数,则将数字转换为正数,并将变量负数设置为false。这是因为正数和负数的二进制表示之间的区别就在第一位,这是比用负数来计算整个过程中出现的错误更简单的方法。

s = struct.pack('>f', f)                          #'?\x80\x00\x00'
p = struct.unpack('>l', s)[0]                     #1065353216
hex_data =  hex(p)                                #'0x3f800000'

s 是二进制的十六进制表示形式 f .然而,它不是我需要的那种漂亮的形式。这就是p的作用。它是十六进制s的int表示,然后再进行一次转换,得到一个漂亮的十六进制。

scale = 16
num_of_bits = 32
binrep = bin(int(hex_data, scale))[2:].zfill(num_of_bits)
if negative:
    binrep = '1' + binrep[1:]

scale 是十六进制的基数16。 num_of_bits 是32,因为float是32位的,所以稍后会使用它来用0填充额外的位置,以达到32。有密码吗 宾雷普 从…起 this question .如果数字是负数,只需更改第一位。

我知道这很难看,但我没有找到一个好方法,我很快就需要它。欢迎评论。

这比要求的要多一点,但当我找到这个条目时,这正是我所需要的。该代码将给出IEEE 754 32位浮点的尾数、基数和符号。

import ctypes
def binRep(num):
    binNum = bin(ctypes.c_uint.from_buffer(ctypes.c_float(num)).value)[2:]
    print("bits: " + binNum.rjust(32,"0"))
    mantissa = "1" + binNum[-23:]
    print("sig (bin): " + mantissa.rjust(24))
    mantInt = int(mantissa,2)/2**23
    print("sig (float): " + str(mantInt))
    base = int(binNum[-31:-23],2)-127
    print("base:" + str(base))
    sign = 1-2*("1"==binNum[-32:-31].rjust(1,"0"))
    print("sign:" + str(sign))
    print("recreate:" + str(sign*mantInt*(2**base)))

binRep(-0.75)

输出:

bits: 10111111010000000000000000000000
sig (bin): 110000000000000000000000
sig (float): 1.5
base:-1
sign:-1
recreate:-0.75

将浮点值转换为0。。1.

def float_bin(n, places = 3): 
    if (n < 0 or n > 1):
        return "ERROR, n must be in 0..1"
    
    answer = "0."
    while n > 0:
        if len(answer) - 2 == places: 
            return answer
        
        b = n * 2
        if b >= 1:
            answer += '1'
            n = b - 1
        else:
            answer += '0'
            n = b
            
    return answer

其中一些答案与Python 3编写的答案不一样,或者没有给出负浮点数的正确表示形式。我发现以下内容适合我(尽管这提供了我所需要的64位表示)

def float_to_binary_string(f):
    def int_to_8bit_binary_string(n):
        stg=bin(n).replace('0b','')
        fillstg = '0'*(8-len(stg))
        return fillstg+stg
    return ''.join( int_to_8bit_binary_string(int(b)) for b in struct.pack('>d',f) )

我做了一个非常简单的。请检查一下。如果你认为有什么错误,请告诉我。这对我来说很好。

sds=float(input("Enter the number : "))
sf=float("0."+(str(sds).split(".")[-1]))
aa=[]

while len(aa)<15:
    dd=round(sf*2,5)
    if dd-1>0:
        
        aa.append(1)
        sf=dd-1
        
    else:
        
        sf=round(dd,5)
        aa.append(0)
    
des=aa[:-1]
print("\n")
AA=([str(i) for i in des])

print("So the Binary Of : %s>>>"%sds,bin(int(str(sds).split(".")[0])).replace("0b",'')+"."+"".join(AA))

或者如果是整数,只需使用 bin(integer).replace("0b",'')

你可以用这个。我认为最简单的比特表示格式:

我的代码看起来像:

def fto32b(flt):
# is given a 32 bit float value and converts it to a binary string
if isinstance(flt,float):
    # THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXPANDED REPRESENTATION OF THE ONE LINE RETURN
            #   packed = struct.pack('!f',flt) <- get the hex representation in (!)Big Endian format of a (f) Float
            #   integers = []
            #   for c in packed:
            #       integers.append(ord(c))    <- change each entry into an int
            #   binaries = []
            #   for i in integers:
            #       binaries.append("{0:08b}".format(i)) <- get the 8bit binary representation of each int (00100101)
            #   binarystring = ''.join(binaries) <- join all the bytes together
            #   return binarystring
    return ''.join(["{0:08b}".format(i) for i in [ord(c) for c in struct.pack('!f',flt)]])
return None

输出:

>>> a = 5.0
'01000000101000000000000000000000'
>>> b = 1.0
'00111111100000000000000000000000'