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如何在Python中使用HEIC图像文件类型

heic heif python-3.x python

j12y · 技术社区 · 7 年前

这个 High Efficiency Image File (HEIF)格式是将图像从iPhone空投到OSX设备时的默认格式。我想用Python编辑和修改这些.HEIC文件。

默认情况下,我可以修改手机设置以保存为JPG,但这并不能真正解决处理其他人的文件类型的问题。我仍然希望能够处理HEIC文件来进行文件转换、提取元数据等( Example Use Case -- Geocoding )

枕头

下面是在尝试读取此类文件时使用Python3.7和Pillow的结果。

$ ipython
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct  2 2018, 09:20:07)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: from PIL import Image

In [2]: img = Image.open('IMG_2292.HEIC')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-fe47106ce80b> in <module>
----> 1 img = Image.open('IMG_2292.HEIC')

~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/Image.py in open(fp, mode)
   2685         warnings.warn(message)
   2686     raise IOError("cannot identify image file %r"
-> 2687                   % (filename if filename else fp))
   2688
   2689 #

OSError: cannot identify image file 'IMG_2292.HEIC'

看起来像是请求了python枕头的支持( #2806 )但有许可证/专利问题阻碍了它的发展。

ImageMagick+魔杖

看来 ImageMagick 可能是个选择。在做了一个 brew install imagemagick 和 pip install wand 但是我没有成功。

$ ipython
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct  2 2018, 09:20:07)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: from wand.image import Image

In [2]: with Image(filename='img.jpg') as img:
   ...:     print(img.size)
   ...:
(4032, 3024)

In [3]: with Image(filename='img.HEIC') as img:
   ...:     print(img.size)
   ...:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MissingDelegateError                      Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-9d6f58c40f95> in <module>
----> 1 with Image(filename='ces2.HEIC') as img:
      2     print(img.size)
      3

~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py in __init__(self, image, blob, file, filename, format, width, height, depth, background, resolution, pseudo)
   4603                     self.read(blob=blob, resolution=resolution)
   4604                 elif filename is not None:
-> 4605                     self.read(filename=filename, resolution=resolution)
   4606                 # clear the wand format, otherwise any subsequent call to
   4607                 # MagickGetImageBlob will silently change the image to this

~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py in read(self, file, filename, blob, resolution)
   4894             r = library.MagickReadImage(self.wand, filename)
   4895         if not r:
-> 4896             self.raise_exception()
   4897
   4898     def save(self, file=None, filename=None):

~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/resource.py in raise_exception(self, stacklevel)
    220             warnings.warn(e, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
    221         elif isinstance(e, Exception):
--> 222             raise e
    223
    224     def __enter__(self):

MissingDelegateError: no decode delegate for this image format `HEIC' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/556

是否有其他可用的方法以编程方式进行转换?

0 回复 | 直到 7 年前

danial 6 年前

你们应该看看这个库,它是 libheif 库,它应该满足您的文件转换、提取元数据的目的:

https://github.com/david-poirier-csn/pyheif

https://pypi.org/project/pyheif/

示例用法:

 import whatimage
 import pyheif
 from PIL import Image


 def decodeImage(bytesIo):

    fmt = whatimage.identify_image(bytesIo)
    if fmt in ['heic', 'avif']:
         i = pyheif.read_heif(bytesIo)

         # Extract metadata etc
         for metadata in i.metadata or []:
             if metadata['type']=='Exif':
                 # do whatever

         # Convert to other file format like jpeg
         s = io.BytesIO()
         pi = Image.frombytes(
                mode=i.mode, size=i.size, data=i.data)

         pi.save(s, format="jpeg")

  ...

Peter Kunszt 6 年前

除了danial的回答之外,我还需要修改字节数组,以获得有效的数据流,以便进一步工作。前6个字节是'Exif\x00\x00'。。删除这些将为您提供一个原始格式,您可以将其导入任何图像处理工具。

import pyheif
import PIL
import exifread

def read_heic(path: str):
    with open(path, 'rb') as file:
        image = pyheif.read_heif(file)
        for metadata in image.metadata or []:
            if metadata['type'] == 'Exif':
                fstream = io.BytesIO(metadata['data'][6:])

    # now just convert to jpeg
    pi = PIL.Image.open(fstream)
    pi.save("file.jpg", "JPEG")

    # or do EXIF processing with exifread
    tags = exifread.process_file(fstream)

至少这对我有用。

Tropicalrambler 6 年前

我正面临着和你完全一样的问题,需要一个CLI解决方案。做进一步的研究,看起来像是在幻想 requires 这个 libheif 委托库。libheif库本身似乎也有一些依赖关系。

我并没有成功地让他们中的任何一个也能工作,但我会继续努力。我建议您检查这些依赖项是否可用于您的配置。

PidePython 6 年前

这样就可以从heic文件中获取exif数据

import pyheif
import exifread
import io

heif_file = pyheif.read_heif("file.heic")

for metadata in heif_file.metadata:

    if metadata['type'] == 'Exif':
        fstream = io.BytesIO(metadata['data'][6:])

    exifdata = exifread.process_file(fstream,details=False)

    # example to get device model from heic file
    model = str(exifdata.get("Image Model"))
    print(model)