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Python tkinter。filedialog askfolder干扰clr

python.net tk tkinter .net python

Itzik Kaplan · 技术社区 · 7 年前

我主要在Spyder中工作,构建需要弹出文件夹或文件浏览窗口的脚本。

下面的代码在spyder中运行良好。在Pycharm中 askopenfilename 工作正常 askdirectory 什么也不做(卡住)。但是,如果在调试模式下运行,脚本工作得很好。我尝试从SAS jsl运行脚本-同样的问题。

知道我该怎么办吗? Python 3.6 Pycharm 2017.2

谢谢

我使用的代码包括:

import clr #pythonnet 2.3.0
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import (askdirectory,askopenfilename)

root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
PPath=askdirectory(title="Please select your installation folder location", initialdir=r"C:\Program Files\\")

t="Please select jdk file"
if os.path.exists(os.path.expanduser('~\Documents')):
    FFile = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t, initialdir=os.path.expanduser('~\Documents'))
else:
    FFile= askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t)

sys.path.append(marsDllPath)
a = clr.AddReference('MatlabFunctions')
aObj = a.CreateInstance('Example.MatlabFunctions.MatLabFunctions')

编辑:看起来像是与pythonnet“imoprt clr”相关的问题,但我确实需要在代码中使用它。

这里提出了类似的问题: https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/issues/648

2 回复 | 直到 7 年前

CommonSense 7 年前

你的问题相当平庸,虽然不太明显。问题不在 tinker 或 pythonnet ,它源于COM线程模型。

首先,由于您使用 clr ,让我们尝试直接使用对话框(不一定要导入 修补工 模块):

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#   clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   creating instances of dialogs
folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

#   try to show any of them
folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
file_dialog.ShowDialog()

正如你所看到的,它就像你的情况一样。如上所述,原因来自线程的单元状态( [1] ,则, [2] )。

因此 clr公司 隐式将此状态设置为MTA(多线程单元),可以通过 CoGetApartmentType 功能:

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
get_apartment = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoGetApartmentType

#   comment/uncomment this import to see the difference
#   import clr

apt_type = ctypes.c_uint(0)
apt_qualifier = ctypes.c_uint(0)

if get_apartment(ctypes.byref(apt_type), ctypes.byref(apt_qualifier)) == 0:
    #   APPTYPE enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693793(v=vs.85).aspx
    #   APTTYPEQUALIFIER enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd542638(v=vs.85).aspx
    print('APTTYPE = %d\tAPTTYPEQUALIFIER = %d' % (apt_type.value, apt_qualifier.value))
else:
    print('COM model not initialized!')

但是,许多旧的COM对象(如shell对话框)需要STA模式。关于这两种状态之间的差异,可以找到很好的解释 here 或 there 。

最后,解决方案:

1) 将STA线程用于对话框:

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   adding reference (if necessary) to Threading and importing Thread functionality
#clr.AddReference('System.Threading')
from System.Threading import Thread, ThreadStart, ApartmentState


#   WinForms thread function example
def dialog_thread():
    folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
    file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

    folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
    file_dialog.ShowDialog()

#   Tk thread function example
def tk_dialog_thread():
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.withdraw()

    askdirectory()
    askopenfilename()

#   check again apartment state at start
current_state = Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState()
if current_state == ApartmentState.STA:
    print('Current state: STA')
elif current_state == ApartmentState.MTA:
    print('Current state: MTA')

#   start dialogs via CLR
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

#   start dialogs via Tkinter
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(tk_dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

2) 通过强制STA模式 CoInitialize / CoInitializeEx CLR对MTA执行此操作之前:

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
co_initialize = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoInitialize

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   Force STA mode
co_initialize(None)

# importing pythonnet
import clr 

#   dialogs test
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()

askdirectory()
askopenfilename()

Niranjan 7 年前

我已经测试了您粘贴在Pycharm 2018.1.3上的代码,其中python-3.6.5安装在win-7 64位机器上。它工作正常,没有任何错误。2017版中几乎没有bug。尝试升级到Pycharm的最新版本