通过投票决定获胜者,我缺少什么?

我认为这可以解决问题:

首先,我建议 _base_dict 需要成为 defaultdict -这样你就可以添加 keys 它还没有。就像这样:

from collections import defaultdict

_base_dict = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))

如此定义,每次调用 _base_dict[<some state name>] ,如果该状态名称还不是中的键 _base_dict ,密钥被添加到 _base_dict ,并且分配给该键的值变为另一个 默认dict 其密钥将是候选人姓名,该州的计票将从 0 。

其次,我对 global _base_dict 商业——这可能比你的代码更能说明我,但为了保持理智,我通过定义 _base_dict 在开始时,然后将其传递给 add_state 和 winner 在他们的每一次通话中。 添加状态 接受 _base_dict ,修改它,然后返回它。这可能会让函数式编程爱好者疯狂——我道歉——我相信如果有更多的时间,我可以想出一些更优雅的东西。

def add_state(statename: str, statevotes: dict, _base_dict: dict) -> dict:
    

    for candidatename, candidatevotes in statevotes.items():
        _base_dict[statename][candidatename] += candidatevotes
        
    return _base_dict 

赢家 然后两者兼得 college (a dict 其州名称 按键 和 int values ),以及 _base_dict -已在上面定义。我重写了 赢家 下面是:

def winner(college: dict, _base_dict: dict) -> str:

    rv = None
    bigger_percentage = 0

    for state, total_votes in college.items():
        majority = total_votes // 2
        for candidatename, candidatevotes in _base_dict[state].items():
            if candidatevotes > majority:
                percentage = candidatevotes / float(total_votes)
                if percentage > bigger_percentage:
                    bigger_percentage = percentage
                    rv = candidatename
                elif percentage == bigger_percentage:
                    rv = None
    if rv is None:
        return "No Winner"
    return rv

我承认我没有深入思考这里的确切计票逻辑,我只是调整了你的原始代码,以适应我在这里描述的变化。

最后一点 clear 被重新定义为接受 _base_dict ,然后返回,如下所示:

def clear(_base_dict: dict) -> dict:    

    _base_dict.clear()
    _base_dict.update(_base_dict)
    return _base_dict

将所有内容放在一起并贯穿脚本的其余部分:

college = {'Virginia': 13,
'Ohio': 18,
'Minnesota': 10,
'Alabama': 9,
'Maine': 4
}

print(winner(college,_base_dict))

_base_dict = add_state('Virginia', {'Turing': 15,
                                    'Lovelace': 20,
                                    'Dijkstra': 10}, 
                       _base_dict)

_base_dict = add_state('Ohio', {'Turing': 1,
                                'Dijkstra': 15
                                }, 
                       _base_dict)

_base_dict = add_state('Alabama', {'Turing': 10,
                                   'Lovelace': 20,
                                   'Dijkstra': 8}, 
                       _base_dict)

print(winner(college, _base_dict))

_base_dict = add_state('Minnesota', {'Lovelace': 10,
                                     'Dijkstra': 30,}, 
                       _base_dict)

_base_dict = add_state('Florida', {'Turing': 10,
                                   'Lovelace': 30,
                                   'Dijkstra': 15}, 
                       _base_dict)

print(winner(college, _base_dict))

_base_dict = clear(_base_dict)

_base_dict = add_state('Maine', {'Turing': 2,
                                 'Dijkstra': 1,
                                 'Lovelace': 5}, 
                       _base_dict)

print(winner(college, _base_dict))

我们得到:

No Winner
Lovelace
Dijkstra
Lovelace

正如你所料。

绘制数据结构总是很有帮助的,这样可以减少混乱。这个问题可以通过在字典中添加一个键来解决,如果还没有的话,否则我们可以用新数据更新字典。

_base_dict = {}
'''
'Turing': 'State1': Votes , 'State2': Votes, ...
'Lovelace': 'State': Votes , ...
'Dijkstra': ...
'''
class elections:
  
  def add_state(state: str, data: dict[str, int]) -> None:
      global _base_dict  
      
      for name, votes in data.items():
        if(_base_dict.get(name) == None):
          _base_dict[name] = {state: votes}
        _base_dict[name].update({state: votes}) 
        
  def winner(college: dict[str, int]) -> str:

      global _base_dict

      rv = None
      bigger_percentage = 0

      for state, total_votes in college.items():
          majority = total_votes // 2

          for name, votes in _base_dict.items():
            # print(f"name:{name}  votes:{votes}\n")
            # print(f"state:{state}  total_votes:{total_votes}")
            try:
              if votes[state] > majority:
                  percentage = votes[state] / float(total_votes)
                  if percentage > bigger_percentage:
                      bigger_percentage = percentage
                      rv = name
                  elif percentage == bigger_percentage:
                      rv = None
            except:
              pass
          
      
      if rv is None: 
        return "No Winner"
      return rv

  def clear() -> None:    

      global _base_dict

      _base_dict.clear()
      _base_dict.update(_base_dict)
    
college = {'Virginia': 13,
'Ohio': 18,
'Minnesota': 10,
'Alabama': 9,
'Maine': 4
}

print(elections.winner({}))


elections.add_state('Virginia', {
'Turing': 15,
'Lovelace': 20,
'Dijkstra': 10
})

elections.add_state('Ohio', {
'Turing': 1,
'Dijkstra': 15
})

elections.add_state('Alabama', {
'Turing': 10,
'Lovelace': 20,
'Dijkstra': 8
})

print(elections.winner(college))

elections.add_state('Minnesota', {
'Lovelace': 10,
'Dijkstra': 30,
})

elections.add_state('Florida', {
'Turing': 10,
'Lovelace': 30,
'Dijkstra': 15
})

print(elections.winner(college))

elections.clear()
elections.add_state('Maine', {
'Turing': 2,
'Dijkstra': 1,
'Lovelace': 5
})
print(elections.winner(college))

No Winner 
Lovelace 
Dijkstra  
Lovelace