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如何使用Python缩进xml的特定行?

indentation tags xml python

Camille · 技术社区 · 1 年前

我有两个xml文件。

第一个看起来是这样的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gmd:MD_Metadata xmlns:gmd="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd" xmlns:gts="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts" xmlns:gmx="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:gfc="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gfc" xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd/gmd.xsd">
  <gmd:identificationInfo>
    <gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
      <gmd:citation>
        <gmd:CI_Citation>
          <gmd:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmd:identifier>
          <gmd:date>
            <gmd:CI_Date>
              <gmd:date>
                <gco:Date>date</gco:Date>
              </gmd:date>
              <gmd:dateType>
                <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/Codelist/ML_gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="creation">
                                                blabla
                                            </gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
              </gmd:dateType>
            </gmd:CI_Date>
          </gmd:date>
          <gmd:edition>
            <gco:CharacterString>6</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:edition>
          <gmd:editionDate>
            <gco:DateTime>date</gco:DateTime>
          </gmd:editionDate>
          <gmd:title>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:title>
        </gmd:CI_Citation>
      </gmd:citation>
      <gmd:abstract>
        <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:abstract>
      <gmd:pointOfContact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:contactInfo>
            <gmd:CI_Contact>
              <gmd:address>
                <gmd:CI_Address>
                  <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                  <gmd:country>
                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                  </gmd:country>
                </gmd:CI_Address>
              </gmd:address>
            </gmd:CI_Contact>
          </gmd:contactInfo>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:pointOfContact>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>blabla</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
          <gmd:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:description>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>0</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>0</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>0</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>0</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
      <gmd:spatialResolution>
        <gmd:MD_Resolution>
          <gmd:distance>
            <gco:Distance uom="-"/>
          </gmd:distance>
          <gmd:equivalentScale>
            <gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
              <gmd:denominator>
                <gco:Integer>blabla</gco:Integer>
              </gmd:denominator>
            </gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
          </gmd:equivalentScale>
        </gmd:MD_Resolution>
      </gmd:spatialResolution>
      <gmd:resourceSpecificUsage>
        <gmd:MD_Usage>
          <gmd:specificUsage>
            <gco:CharacterString/>
          </gmd:specificUsage>
        </gmd:MD_Usage>
      </gmd:resourceSpecificUsage>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
          <gmd:classification>
            <gmd:MD_ClassificationCode codeListValue="restricted_FR">blabla</gmd:MD_ClassificationCode>
          </gmd:classification>
        </gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString/>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString/>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeListValue="restricted" codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/ML_gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode"/>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/ML_gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="restricted"/>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>
                                        blabla
                                    </gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceSpecificUsage>
        <gmd:MD_Usage>
          <gmd:specificUsage>
            <gco:CharacterString/>
          </gmd:specificUsage>
        </gmd:MD_Usage>
      </gmd:resourceSpecificUsage>
    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
    <gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
      <gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
        <gmd:RS_Identifier>
          <gmd:code>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:code>
        </gmd:RS_Identifier>
      </gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
    </gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
  </gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributionFormat>
        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:name>
          <gmd:version>
            <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:version>
        </gmd:MD_Format>
      </gmd:distributionFormat>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:contact>
    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      <gmd:organisationName>
        <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:organisationName>
    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  </gmd:contact>
  <isAvailableAsPaper>blabla</isAvailableAsPaper>
  <productKind>blabla</productKind>
  <visibility>blabla</visibility>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>

第二个看起来是这样的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadataDefault>
  <visibility>blabla</visibility>
  <domain>L</domain>
  <catalogueEntitySubType>blabla</catalogueEntitySubType>
  <dataType1>01_blabla</dataType1>
  <dataType2>01-01_blabla</dataType2>
  <dataType3>01-01-1_blabla</dataType3>
  <isPermanent>true</isPermanent>
  <pointOfContact>blabla</pointOfContact>
  <author>blabla</author>
  <authorCountry>blabla</authorCountry>
  <rawMetaDataProfile>blabla</rawMetaDataProfile>
</metadataDefault>

我想将第二个xml中的标记添加到第一个xml的末尾,而不必下载其他库。
我已经用xml.etree做到了。ElementTree,但添加的第一个标记没有正确的缩进。

我的Python代码如下:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et

# Saves the namespaces (xmlns) of the first XML for re-application to the output
et.register_namespace('gmd', "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd")
et.register_namespace('gts', "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts")
et.register_namespace('gmx', "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmx")
et.register_namespace('xsi', "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance")
et.register_namespace('gml', "http://www.opengis.net/gml")
et.register_namespace('gfc', "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gfc")
et.register_namespace('gco', "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco")
et.register_namespace('xlink', "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink")
et.register_namespace('geonet', "http://www.fao.org/geonetwork")


# Analyse the XML file
xml_produit = et.parse('first_xml.xml')
xml_general = et.parse('second_xml.xml')
 
# Obtain the root element of the first XML
root_produit = xml_produit.getroot()
print("La balise racine est :", root_produit)

# Force display of unused namespaces not displayed with et.register_namespace in the root tag
root_produit.set("xmlns:gts", "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts")
root_produit.set("xmlns:gmx", "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmx")
root_produit.set("xmlns:gml", "http://www.opengis.net/gml")
root_produit.set("xmlns:gfc", "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gfc")
root_produit.set("xmlns:xlink", "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink")
root_produit.set("xmlns:geonet", "http://www.fao.org/geonetwork")

# Obtain the root element of the second XML
root_general = xml_general.getroot()
print("La balise racine est :", root_general)

# Get the child tags of the second XML from the 2nd to the last one
sub_elements=root_general[1:]
print("Les balises enfant de la racine sont :", sub_elements)

for elements in sub_elements: 
    root_produit.append(elements) # Copies the child tags into the first XML
    #et.indent(elements[0], '\t', level=1) # An indentation test with et.indent (not working)
    xml_produit.write("infodump.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True, method='xml') # Write a new XML that combines the two

#EDIT
tree = ET.parse('infodump.xml')
ET.indent(tree, space="  ")
tree.write("infodump2.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True, method='xml')

我得到的:

  <gmd:contact>
    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      <gmd:organisationName>
        <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:organisationName>
    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  </gmd:contact>
  <isAvailableAsPaper>blabla</isAvailableAsPaper>
  <productKind>blabla</productKind>
  <visibility>blabla</visibility>
<domain>L</domain>
  <catalogueEntitySubType>Blabla</catalogueEntitySubType>
  <dataType1><dataType1>01_blabla</dataType1>
  <dataType2>01-01_blabla</dataType2>
  <dataType3>01-01-1_blabla</dataType3>
  <isPermanent>true</isPermanent>
  <pointOfContact>blabla</pointOfContact>
  <author>blabla</author>
  <authorCountry>blabla</authorCountry>
  <rawMetaDataProfile>blabla</rawMetaDataProfile>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>

我想实现的目标:

  <gmd:contact>
    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      <gmd:organisationName>
        <gco:CharacterString>blabla</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:organisationName>
    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  </gmd:contact>
  <isAvailableAsPaper>blabla</isAvailableAsPaper>
  <productKind>blabla</productKind>
  <visibility>blabla</visibility>
  <domain>L</domain>
  <catalogueEntitySubType>Blabla</catalogueEntitySubType>
  <dataType1><dataType1>01_blabla</dataType1>
  <dataType2>01-01_blabla</dataType2>
  <dataType3>01-01-1_blabla</dataType3>
  <isPermanent>true</isPermanent>
  <pointOfContact>blabla</pointOfContact>
  <author>blabla</author>
  <authorCountry>blabla</authorCountry>
  <rawMetaDataProfile>blabla</rawMetaDataProfile>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>

我在互联网上搜索了一下,尝试过使用et.intent,但我找不到我想要的东西。
如有任何帮助,我们将不胜感激。

1 回复 | 直到 1 年前

Hermann12 1 年前

我总是用大写ET表示 xml.etree.ElementTree . ET.indent() 功能应该工作( et 我用于 lxml 只是,但它应该平等工作)。在您的情况下,请尝试:

tree = et.ElementTree(xml_produit)
et.indent(tree, space="  ")
tree.write("infodump.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True, method='xml')