以前未调用函数时给出错误

您可以使用private member告诉您初始化是否完成:

class myClass {
public:
    myClass() : isInit(false) {}
    ...
private:
    bool isInit;
};

void myClass::init(void)
{
    if (!init) {
      init_some_hw_peripherals();
      init = true;
    }
}

void myClass::perform (void)
{
    if (!init) {
        cout << "You havent initialized. Use myClass::init()";
    } else {
      doPerform();
    }
}

通常情况下 init -like函数表示缺少适当的构造函数。给定的要求清楚地导致了两个具有专用构造函数的类:

class hwPeripherals
{
      private: static ::std::atomic_bool s_construction_attempted;

      // instead of init_some_hw_peripherals
      public: hwPeripherals(void)
      {
          // Check that no attempts of hwPeripherals construction happened yet.
          if(s_construction_attempted.exchange(true))
          {
               // Throw an exception.
          }
          // Initialization... Throw an exception if fails.
      }
};

class myClass
{
     private: myClass(void) = delete;

     // instead of init
     public: explicit myClass(hwPeripherals & peripherals)
     {
          // Initialization... Throw an exception if fails.
     }

     public: void perform(void);
};

这种调用perform用户的方法需要实例化 myClass 首先,为了做到这一点,用户需要实例化 hwPeripherals :

hwPeripherals peripherals{};
myClass obj{peripherals};
obj.perform();