在试图循环一个空的iterable时采取行动的惯用方法

我认为这是最干净的方法:

# first try with exceptions
def nonempty( iter ):
    """ returns `iter` if iter is not empty, else raises TypeError """
    try:
        first = next(iter)
    except StopIteration:
        raise TypeError("Emtpy Iterator")
    yield first
    for item in iter:
        yield item


# a version without exceptions. Seems nicer:
def isempty( iter ):
    """ returns `(True, ())` if `iter` if is empty else `(False, iter)`
         Don't use the original iterator! """
    try:
        first = next(iter)
    except StopIteration:
        return True, ()
    else:
        def iterator():
            yield first
            for item in iter:
                yield item
        return False, iterator()



for x in ([],[1]):
    # first version
    try:
        list(nonempty(iter(x))) # trying to consume a empty iterator raises
    except TypeError:
        print x, "is empty"
    else:
        print x, "is not empty"

    # with isempty
    empty, it = isempty(iter(x))
    print x,  "is", ("empty" if empty else "not empty")

这是相当黑客,但你可以删除 i

try:
    del i
except NameException: pass

for i in iterable:
    do_something(i)

try:
    del i
except NameException:
    do_something_else()

我想这可能比仅仅用旗子更难看

更新2

我喜欢 Odomontois' answer . 我觉得它比我下面写的更适合这个问题。

def with_divisible(n, a, b, f):
 it = (i for i in xrange(a, b) if not i % n)
 for i in wrapper(it):
  f(i)

>>> with_divisible(1, 1, 1, lambda x: x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#55>", line 1, in <module>
    with_divisible(1, 1, 1, lambda x: x)
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 3, in with_divisible
    for i in wrapper(it):
  File "<pyshell#46>", line 4, in wrapper
    raise EmptyIterableException("Empty")
EmptyIterableException: Empty

>>> with_divisible(7, 1, 21, lambda x: x)
7
14
...Snipped...
    raise EmptyIterableException("Empty")
EmptyIterableException: Empty

原始答案

有趣的问题。我做了一些实验,得出如下结论:

class EmptyIterableException(Exception):
    pass

def wrapper(iterable):
    for each in iterable:
        yield each
    raise EmptyIterableException("Empty")

try:
    for each in wrapper(iterable):
        do_something(each)
except EmptyIterableException, e:
    do_something_else()

if not map(do_something_callable,iterable) : 
    # do something else

如果在使用迭代器之前要部分检查迭代器,一般的方法是使用 itertools.tee . 这样我们就可以拥有迭代器的两个副本,并检查其中一个副本是否为空,同时仍然从一开始就使用另一个副本。

from itertools import tee
it1, it2 = tee(iterable)
try:
    it1.next()
    for i in it2:
        do_some_action(i) #iterator is not empty
except StopIteration:
    do_empty_action() #iterator is empty

这个 StopIteration it1.next() 停止迭代

编辑 :对于那些不喜欢这种例外的人, islice 可用于设置单步循环:

from itertools import tee, islice
it1, it2 = tee(iterable)
for _ in islice(it1, 1):
    #loop entered if iterator is not empty
    for i in it2:
        do_some_action(i)
    break #if loop entered don't execute the else section
else:
    do_empty_action()

把“if”和“for”倒过来怎么样:

if iterable:
    for i in iterable:
        do_something(i)
else:
    do_something_else()

好吧,这样不行!

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/413614-testing-for-an-empty-iterator/

这是 Michael Mrozek 的和 FM 的答案:

def with_divisible(n, a, b, f):
    '''apply f to every integer x such that n divides x and a <= x < b'''
    it = (i for i in xrange(a, b) if not i % n)
    for i in it:
        f(i)
    try: i            # test if `it` was empty
    except NameError: print('do something else')

def g(i):
    print i,

with_divisible( 3, 1, 10, g)   # Prints 3 6 9.
with_divisible(33, 1, 10, g)   # Prints "do something else"

import types

def do(x, f, f_empty):
    if type(x) == types.GeneratorType:
        # generators have a 'gi_frame' property,
        # which is None once the generator is exhausted
        if x.gi_frame:
            # not empty
            return f(x)
        return f_empty(x)
    if x:
        return f(x)
    return f_empty(x)

def nempty(lst):
    print lst, 'not empty'

def empty(lst):
    print 'Twas empty!'

# lists
do([2,3,4], nempty, empty)
do([], nempty, empty)

# generators
do((i for i in range(5)), nempty, empty)
gen = (i for i in range(1))
gen.next()
try:
    gen.next()
except StopIteration:
    pass
do(gen, nempty, empty)