使用Java和UTF-8编码生成有效的XML

我正在使用JAXP生成和解析一个XML文档,从中从数据库加载一些字段。

序列化XML的代码:

DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = builder.newDocument();
Element root = doc.createElement("test");
root.setAttribute("version", text);
doc.appendChild(root);

DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
TransformerFactory tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

FileWriter out = new FileWriter("test.xml");
Transformer transformer = tFactory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
transformer.transform(domSource, new StreamResult(out)); 

解析XML的代码:

DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = builder.parse("test.xml");

我遇到了以下例外情况:

[Fatal Error] test.xml:1:4: Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.
Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.
    at org.apache.xerces.parsers.DOMParser.parse(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(Unknown Source)
    at javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder.parse(Unknown Source)
    at com.test.Test.xml(Test.java:27)
    at com.test.Test.main(Test.java:55)

字符串文本包括u-umlaut和o-umlaut(字符代码0xFC和0xF6)。这些是导致错误的字符。当我自己逃脱字符串以使用ü和ö那么问题就消失了。当我写出XML时,其他实体会自动编码。

如何在不替换这些字符的情况下正确写入/读取我的输出?

(我已经阅读了以下问题:

How to encode characters from Oracle to XML?

Repairing wrong encoding in XML files )