如何在Java中模拟web服务器进行单元测试?

Wire Mock 似乎为测试外部web服务提供了一组可靠的存根和模拟。

@Rule
public WireMockRule wireMockRule = new WireMockRule(8089);


@Test
public void exactUrlOnly() {
    stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/some/thing"))
            .willReturn(aResponse()
                .withHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
                .withBody("Hello world!")));

    assertThat(testClient.get("/some/thing").statusCode(), is(200));
    assertThat(testClient.get("/some/thing/else").statusCode(), is(404));
}

它还可以与spock集成。发现的例子 here .

你是想用一个 mock or an embedded 网络服务器?

嘲弄 web服务器,请尝试使用 Mockito ,或类似的东西,只是嘲笑 HttpServletRequest 和 HttpServletResponse 对象,例如:

MyServlet servlet = new MyServlet();
HttpServletRequest mockRequest = mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
HttpServletResponse mockResponse = mock(HttpServletResponse.class);

StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter printOut = new PrintWriter(out);
when(mockResponse.getWriter()).thenReturn(printOut);

servlet.doGet(mockRequest, mockResponse);

verify(mockResponse).setStatus(200);
assertEquals("my content", out.toString());

为了 web服务器,您可以使用 Jetty ,你可以 use in tests

您可以使用JDK的 com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer 类(不需要外部依赖项)。看见 this blog post 详细说明如何。

HttpServer httpServer = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8000), 0); // or use InetSocketAddress(0) for ephemeral port
httpServer.createContext("/api/endpoint", new HttpHandler() {
   public void handle(HttpExchange exchange) throws IOException {
      byte[] response = "{\"success\": true}".getBytes();
      exchange.sendResponseHeaders(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK, response.length);
      exchange.getResponseBody().write(response);
      exchange.close();
   }
});
httpServer.start();

try {
// Do your work...
} finally {
   httpServer.stop(0); // or put this in an @After method or the like
}

尝试 Simple ( Maven )它很容易嵌入到单元测试中。以RoundTripTest和以下示例为例: PostTest

同样,Simple比Jetty轻得多,速度快得多,没有依赖性。因此,您不必在类路径中添加几个jar文件。你也不必担心 WEB-INF/web.xml

另一个好的选择是 MockServer ; 它提供了一个流畅的界面,您可以使用该界面定义模拟web服务器的行为。

你可以试试 Jadler

onRequest()
    .havingMethodEqualTo("GET")
    .havingPathEqualTo("/accounts/1")
    .havingBody(isEmptyOrNullString())
    .havingHeaderEqualTo("Accept", "application/json")
.respond()
    .withDelay(2, SECONDS)
    .withStatus(200)
    .withBody("{\\"account\\":{\\"id\\" : 1}}")
    .withEncoding(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))
    .withContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");

如果您使用的是ApacheHttpClient,这将是一个很好的选择。 HttpClientMock

HttpClientMock httpClientMock = new httpClientMock() 
HttpClientMock("http://example.com:8080"); 
httpClientMock.onGet("/login?user=john").doReturnJSON("{permission:1}");

基本上,您可以对模拟对象发出请求,然后对其进行一些验证 httpClientMock.verify().get("http://localhost/login").withParameter("user","john").called()

Jetty web server .

我推荐 Javalin . 它是模拟真实服务的极好工具,因为它允许在测试中进行状态断言(服务器端断言)。

Wiremock

为了保证完整性,还需要使用 camel

让您的测试类扩展 CamelTestSupport

  @Override
  protected RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() {
    return new RouteBuilder() {
      @Override
      public void configure() {
        from("jetty:http://localhost:" + portToUse).process(
                new Processor() {
                  @Override
                  public void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
                    // Get the request information.
                    requestReceivedByServer = (String) exchange.getIn().getHeader(Exchange.HTTP_PATH);

                    // For testing empty response
                    exchange.getOut().setBody("your response");
                    ....

获取它的示例maven依赖项:

<dependency> <!-- used at runtime, by camel in the tests -->
  <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
  <artifactId>camel-jetty</artifactId>
  <version>2.12.1</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
  <artifactId>camel-core</artifactId>
  <version>2.12.1</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
  <artifactId>camel-test</artifactId>
  <version>2.12.1</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>