如何使用lxml选择和更新混合内容中的文本节点?

我在文档中找到了这个解决方案的关键: Using XPath to find text

特别是 is_text 和 is_tail 特性 _ElementUnicodeResult .

使用这些属性,我可以判断是否需要更新 .text 或 .tail 父母的财产 _Element .

这是一个有点棘手的理解,因为当你使用 getparent() 在文本节点上( _ElementUnicodeResult )这是它之前兄弟的尾巴( .is_tail == True ),前一个兄弟姐妹作为父代返回;不是真正的父母。

实例

python

import re
from lxml import etree

xml = """<doc>
    <para>I think the only card she has <gotcha>is the</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
        better... and certainly ipsum is one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
        sending the best. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of problems
        and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those problems with us. They're bringing mistakes. They're bringing
        misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>
"""


def update_text(match, word_list):
    if match in word_list:
        return f"[{match}]"
    else:
        return match


root = etree.fromstring(xml)

keywords = {"ipsum", "is", "the", "best", "problems", "mistakes"}

for text in root.xpath("//text()"):
    parent = text.getparent()
    updated_text = re.sub(r"[\w]+", lambda match: update_text(match.group(), keywords), text)
    if text.is_text:
        parent.text = updated_text
    elif text.is_tail:
        parent.tail = updated_text

etree.dump(root)

输出 (转储到控制台)

<doc>
    <para>I think [the] only card she has <gotcha>[is] [the]</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
        better... and certainly [ipsum] [is] one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
        sending [the] [best]. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of [problems]
        and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those [problems] with us. They're bringing [mistakes]. They're bringing
        misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>