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序列化包含字典成员的类

dictionary serialization .net c#

125

dragonmantank · 技术社区 · 17 年前

扩展我的 earlier problem ,我决定(反)序列化我的配置文件类,这非常有效。

我现在想存储要映射的驱动器号的关联数组(键是驱动器号,值是网络路径),并尝试使用 Dictionary HybridDictionary 和 Hashtable 但是我在打电话时总是遇到以下错误 ConfigFile.Load() 或 ConfigFile.Save() :

反射类型出错 “App.ConfigFile”。[剪报] System.NotSupportedException:无法序列化成员 App.Configfile.mappedDrive[snip]

根据我所读的,字典和哈希表可以序列化,那么我做错了什么?

[XmlRoot(ElementName="Config")]
public class ConfigFile
{
    public String guiPath { get; set; }
    public string configPath { get; set; }
    public Dictionary<string, string> mappedDrives = new Dictionary<string, string>();

    public Boolean Save(String filename)
    {
        using(var filestream = File.Open(filename, FileMode.OpenOrCreate,FileAccess.ReadWrite))
        {
            try
            {
                var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(ConfigFile));
                serializer.Serialize(filestream, this);
                return true;
            } catch(Exception e) {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    public void addDrive(string drvLetter, string path)
    {
        this.mappedDrives.Add(drvLetter, path);
    }

    public static ConfigFile Load(string filename)
    {
        using (var filestream = File.Open(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
        {
            try
            {
                var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(ConfigFile));
                return (ConfigFile)serializer.Deserialize(filestream);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message + ex.ToString());
                return new ConfigFile();
            }
        }
    }
}

10 回复 | 直到 9 年前

190

Jbjstam 8 年前

目前有一个解决办法 Paul Welter's Weblog - XML Serializable Generic Dictionary

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

[XmlRoot("dictionary")]
public class SerializableDictionary<TKey, TValue>
    : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, IXmlSerializable
{
    public SerializableDictionary() { }
    public SerializableDictionary(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary) : base(dictionary) { }
    public SerializableDictionary(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) : base(dictionary, comparer) { }
    public SerializableDictionary(IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) : base(comparer) { }
    public SerializableDictionary(int capacity) : base(capacity) { }
    public SerializableDictionary(int capacity, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) : base(capacity, comparer) { }

    #region IXmlSerializable Members
    public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return null;
    }

    public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
    {
        XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));
        XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));

        bool wasEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
        reader.Read();

        if (wasEmpty)
            return;

        while (reader.NodeType != System.Xml.XmlNodeType.EndElement)
        {
            reader.ReadStartElement("item");

            reader.ReadStartElement("key");
            TKey key = (TKey)keySerializer.Deserialize(reader);
            reader.ReadEndElement();

            reader.ReadStartElement("value");
            TValue value = (TValue)valueSerializer.Deserialize(reader);
            reader.ReadEndElement();

            this.Add(key, value);

            reader.ReadEndElement();
            reader.MoveToContent();
        }
        reader.ReadEndElement();
    }

    public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer)
    {
        XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));
        XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));

        foreach (TKey key in this.Keys)
        {
            writer.WriteStartElement("item");

            writer.WriteStartElement("key");
            keySerializer.Serialize(writer, key);
            writer.WriteEndElement();

            writer.WriteStartElement("value");
            TValue value = this[key];
            valueSerializer.Serialize(writer, value);
            writer.WriteEndElement();

            writer.WriteEndElement();
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

Community Mohan Dere 9 年前

link .

实现IDictionary的类界面这部分是由于进度限制,部分原因是: 在XSD类型中有一个对应项系统唯一的解决办法是实现一个自定义哈希表,该哈希表不实现IDictionary 界面

因此,我认为您需要为此创建自己版本的词典。检查这个 other question .

Richard Ev 12 年前

而不是使用 XmlSerializer System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer . 这可以毫不费力地序列化字典和接口。

下面是一个完整示例的链接, http://theburningmonk.com/2010/05/net-tips-xml-serialize-or-deserialize-dictionary-in-csharp/

user2921681 12 年前

创建序列化代理。

例如,您有一个公共属性为Dictionary类型的类。

要支持此类型的Xml序列化,请创建一个通用键值类:

public class SerializeableKeyValue<T1,T2>
{
    public T1 Key { get; set; }
    public T2 Value { get; set; }
}

将XmlIgnore属性添加到原始属性:

    [XmlIgnore]
    public Dictionary<int, string> SearchCategories { get; set; }

公开数组类型的公共属性,该属性包含SerializableKeyValue实例数组,这些实例用于序列化和反序列化为SearchCategories属性:

    public SerializeableKeyValue<int, string>[] SearchCategoriesSerializable
    {
        get
        {
            var list = new List<SerializeableKeyValue<int, string>>();
            if (SearchCategories != null)
            {
                list.AddRange(SearchCategories.Keys.Select(key => new SerializeableKeyValue<int, string>() {Key = key, Value = SearchCategories[key]}));
            }
            return list.ToArray();
        }
        set
        {
            SearchCategories = new Dictionary<int, string>();
            foreach (var item in value)
            {
                SearchCategories.Add( item.Key, item.Value );
            }
        }
    }

Chandra Sekhar 14 年前

您应该浏览Json.Net,它非常易于使用,并允许Json对象在字典中直接反序列化。

james_newtonking

例子:

string json = @"{""key1"":""value1"",""key2"":""value2""}";
Dictionary<string, string> values = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, string>>(json); 
Console.WriteLine(values.Count);
// 2
Console.WriteLine(values["key1"]);
// value1

David Schmitt 17 年前

XmlSerializer XmlIgnore 属性对序列化程序隐藏这些属性,并通过可序列化的键值对列表公开它们。

PS:构建一个 XmlSerializer 它非常昂贵,因此如果有可能重复使用,请始终将其缓存。

Benbob 12 年前

我想要一个SerializableDictionary类,它使用xml属性作为键/值,所以我修改了Paul Welter的类。

这将生成类似以下内容的xml:

<Dictionary>
  <Item Key="Grass" Value="Green" />
  <Item Key="Snow" Value="White" />
  <Item Key="Sky" Value="Blue" />
</Dictionary>"

代码:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace DataTypes {
    [XmlRoot("Dictionary")]
    public class SerializableDictionary<TKey, TValue>
        : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, IXmlSerializable {
        #region IXmlSerializable Members
        public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema() {
            return null;
        }

        public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) {
            XDocument doc = null;
            using (XmlReader subtreeReader = reader.ReadSubtree()) {
                doc = XDocument.Load(subtreeReader);
            }
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(SerializableKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>));
            foreach (XElement item in doc.Descendants(XName.Get("Item"))) {
                using(XmlReader itemReader =  item.CreateReader()) {
                    var kvp = serializer.Deserialize(itemReader) as SerializableKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>;
                    this.Add(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
                }
            }
            reader.ReadEndElement();
        }

        public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer) {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(SerializableKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>));
            XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
            ns.Add("", "");
            foreach (TKey key in this.Keys) {
                TValue value = this[key];
                var kvp = new SerializableKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value);
                serializer.Serialize(writer, kvp, ns);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        [XmlRoot("Item")]
        public class SerializableKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> {
            [XmlAttribute("Key")]
            public TKey Key;

            [XmlAttribute("Value")]
            public TValue Value;

            /// <summary>
            /// Default constructor
            /// </summary>
            public SerializableKeyValuePair() { }
        public SerializableKeyValuePair (TKey key, TValue value) {
            Key = key;
            Value = value;
        }
    }
}
}

单元测试:

using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace DataTypes {
    [TestClass]
    public class SerializableDictionaryTests {
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestStringStringDict() {
            var dict = new SerializableDictionary<string, string>();
            dict.Add("Grass", "Green");
            dict.Add("Snow", "White");
            dict.Add("Sky", "Blue");
            dict.Add("Tomato", "Red");
            dict.Add("Coal", "Black");
            dict.Add("Mud", "Brown");

            var serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(dict.GetType());
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream()) {
                // Load memory stream with this objects xml representation
                XmlWriter xmlWriter = null;
                try {
                    xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stream);
                    serializer.Serialize(xmlWriter, dict);
                } finally {
                    xmlWriter.Close();
                }

                // Rewind
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

                XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(stream);
                Assert.AreEqual("Dictionary", doc.Root.Name);
                Assert.AreEqual(dict.Count, doc.Root.Descendants().Count());

                // Rewind
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                var outDict = serializer.Deserialize(stream) as SerializableDictionary<string, string>;
                Assert.AreEqual(dict["Grass"], outDict["Grass"]);
                Assert.AreEqual(dict["Snow"], outDict["Snow"]);
                Assert.AreEqual(dict["Sky"], outDict["Sky"]);
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestIntIntDict() {
            var dict = new SerializableDictionary<int, int>();
            dict.Add(4, 7);
            dict.Add(5, 9);
            dict.Add(7, 8);

            var serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(dict.GetType());
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream()) {
                // Load memory stream with this objects xml representation
                XmlWriter xmlWriter = null;
                try {
                    xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stream);
                    serializer.Serialize(xmlWriter, dict);
                } finally {
                    xmlWriter.Close();
                }

                // Rewind
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

                XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(stream);
                Assert.AreEqual("Dictionary", doc.Root.Name);
                Assert.AreEqual(3, doc.Root.Descendants().Count());

                // Rewind
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                var outDict = serializer.Deserialize(stream) as SerializableDictionary<int, int>;
                Assert.AreEqual(dict[4], outDict[4]);
                Assert.AreEqual(dict[5], outDict[5]);
                Assert.AreEqual(dict[7], outDict[7]);
            }
        }
    }
}

Saikrishna 11 年前

[DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_DictionaryDebugView<,>))]
[DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
[Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)]
public class Dictionary<TKey,TValue>: IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, IDictionary, IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback

我认为这不是问题所在。请参阅下面的链接,该链接指出,如果您有任何其他不可序列化的数据类型,则字典将不会被序列化。 http://forums.asp.net/t/1734187.aspx?Is+Dictionary+serializable+

Wojciech Nagórski 9 年前

你可以用 ExtendedXmlSerializer . 如果您有课程:

public class ConfigFile
{
    public String guiPath { get; set; }
    public string configPath { get; set; }
    public Dictionary<string, string> mappedDrives {get;set;} 

    public ConfigFile()
    {
        mappedDrives = new Dictionary<string, string>();
    }
}

并创建该类的实例:

ConfigFile config = new ConfigFile();
config.guiPath = "guiPath";
config.configPath = "configPath";
config.mappedDrives.Add("Mouse", "Logitech MX Master");
config.mappedDrives.Add("keyboard", "Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000");

ExtendedXmlSerializer serializer = new ExtendedXmlSerializer();
var xml = serializer.Serialize(config);

输出xml如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ConfigFile type="Program+ConfigFile">
    <guiPath>guiPath</guiPath>
    <configPath>configPath</configPath>
    <mappedDrives>
        <Item>
            <Key>Mouse</Key>
            <Value>Logitech MX Master</Value>
        </Item>
        <Item>
            <Key>keyboard</Key>
            <Value>Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000</Value>
        </Item>
    </mappedDrives>
</ConfigFile>

您可以从安装ExtendedXmlSerializer nuget 或运行以下命令:

Install-Package ExtendedXmlSerializer

这是 online example

Community Mohan Dere 11 年前

本文详细介绍了如何处理此问题: How do I... Serialize a hash table in C# when the application requires it?

ankit 4 年前

您可以使用System.Runtime.Serialization的DataContractSerialization。这将能够序列化IDictionary和Dictionary成员。

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/wcf/samples/datacontractserializer-sample

找到下面的代码片段。

public  ConfigFile ExtractConfigFileFromXml(string xmlPath)
{
    var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(ConfigFile));
    XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings();
    settings.DtdProcessing = DtdProcessing.Parse;
    XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(xmlPath, settings);
    var confile = (ConfigFile)serializer.ReadObject(reader);
    return confile;
 }