单元测试TransactionScope的使用

我现在正面临着同样的问题,对我来说,似乎有两种解决方案:

编辑: 我现在已经为此创建了一个CodePlex项目: http://legendtransactions.codeplex.com/

public interface ITransactionManager
{
    ITransaction CurrentTransaction { get; }
    ITransactionScope CreateScope(TransactionScopeOption options);
}

public interface ITransactionScope : IDisposable
{
    void Complete();  
}

public interface ITransaction
{
    void EnlistVolatile(IEnlistmentNotification enlistmentNotification);
}

public interface IEnlistment
{ 
    void Done();
}

public interface IPreparingEnlistment
{
    void Prepared();
}

public interface IEnlistable // The same as IEnlistmentNotification but it has
                             // to be redefined since the Enlistment-class
                             // has no public constructor so it's not mockable.
{
    void Commit(IEnlistment enlistment);
    void Rollback(IEnlistment enlistment);
    void Prepare(IPreparingEnlistment enlistment);
    void InDoubt(IEnlistment enlistment);

}

请注意,这并不是接口的完整定义,仅足以让您了解全局。

编辑:

public interface ITransactionManager
{
    ITransaction CurrentTransaction { get; }
    ITransactionScope CreateScope(TransactionScopeOption options);
}

public class TransactionManager : ITransactionManager
{
    public ITransaction CurrentTransaction
    {
        get { return new DefaultTransaction(Transaction.Current); }
    }

    public ITransactionScope CreateScope(TransactionScopeOption options)
    {
        return new DefaultTransactionScope(new TransactionScope());
    }
}

public interface ITransactionScope : IDisposable
{
    void Complete();  
}

public class DefaultTransactionScope : ITransactionScope
{
    private TransactionScope scope;

    public DefaultTransactionScope(TransactionScope scope)
    {
        this.scope = scope;
    }

    public void Complete()
    {
        this.scope.Complete();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        this.scope.Dispose();
    }
}

public interface ITransaction
{
    void EnlistVolatile(Enlistable enlistmentNotification, EnlistmentOptions enlistmentOptions);
}

public class DefaultTransaction : ITransaction
{
    private Transaction transaction;

    public DefaultTransaction(Transaction transaction)
    {
        this.transaction = transaction;
    }

    public void EnlistVolatile(Enlistable enlistmentNotification, EnlistmentOptions enlistmentOptions)
    {
        this.transaction.EnlistVolatile(enlistmentNotification, enlistmentOptions);
    }
}


public interface IEnlistment
{ 
    void Done();
}

public interface IPreparingEnlistment
{
    void Prepared();
}

public abstract class Enlistable : IEnlistmentNotification
{
    public abstract void Commit(IEnlistment enlistment);
    public abstract void Rollback(IEnlistment enlistment);
    public abstract void Prepare(IPreparingEnlistment enlistment);
    public abstract void InDoubt(IEnlistment enlistment);

    void IEnlistmentNotification.Commit(Enlistment enlistment)
    {
        this.Commit(new DefaultEnlistment(enlistment));
    }

    void IEnlistmentNotification.InDoubt(Enlistment enlistment)
    {
        this.InDoubt(new DefaultEnlistment(enlistment));
    }

    void IEnlistmentNotification.Prepare(PreparingEnlistment preparingEnlistment)
    {
        this.Prepare(new DefaultPreparingEnlistment(preparingEnlistment));
    }

    void IEnlistmentNotification.Rollback(Enlistment enlistment)
    {
        this.Rollback(new DefaultEnlistment(enlistment));
    }

    private class DefaultEnlistment : IEnlistment
    {
        private Enlistment enlistment;

        public DefaultEnlistment(Enlistment enlistment)
        {
            this.enlistment = enlistment;
        }

        public void Done()
        {
            this.enlistment.Done();
        }
    }

    private class DefaultPreparingEnlistment : DefaultEnlistment, IPreparingEnlistment
    {
        private PreparingEnlistment enlistment;

        public DefaultPreparingEnlistment(PreparingEnlistment enlistment) : base(enlistment)
        {
            this.enlistment = enlistment;    
        }

        public void Prepared()
        {
            this.enlistment.Prepared();
        }
    }
}

下面是一个依赖ITransactionManager处理事务性工作的类的示例:

public class Foo
{
    private ITransactionManager transactionManager;

    public Foo(ITransactionManager transactionManager)
    {
        this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
    }

    public void DoSomethingTransactional()
    {
        var command = new TransactionalCommand();

        using (var scope = this.transactionManager.CreateScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
        {
            this.transactionManager.CurrentTransaction.EnlistVolatile(command, EnlistmentOptions.None);

            command.Execute();
            scope.Complete();
        }
    }

    private class TransactionalCommand : Enlistable
    {
        public void Execute()
        { 
            // Do some work here...
        }

        public override void Commit(IEnlistment enlistment)
        {
            enlistment.Done();
        }

        public override void Rollback(IEnlistment enlistment)
        {
            // Do rollback work...
            enlistment.Done();
        }

        public override void Prepare(IPreparingEnlistment enlistment)
        {
            enlistment.Prepared();
        }

        public override void InDoubt(IEnlistment enlistment)
        {
            enlistment.Done();
        }
    }
}

忽略这个测试是否是件好事。。。。

非常肮脏的黑客是检查该事务。Current不为null。

这不是一个100%的测试,因为有人可能使用TransactionScope以外的其他工具来实现这一点,但它应该防止明显的“没有麻烦拥有事务”部分。

另一种选择是故意尝试创建一个新的TransactionScope,该TransactionScope的隔离级别与将要/应该使用的隔离级别不兼容,并且 TransactionScopeOption.Required

这两个选项都不是特别令人愉快的,后者非常脆弱,并且受制于TransactionScope保持不变的语义。我将测试前者,而不是后者,因为它更健壮(并且易于读取/调试)。

我发现了一个很好的方法来测试这个使用Moq和FluentAssertions。假设您的测试单元如下所示:

public class Foo
{
    private readonly IDataLayer dataLayer;

    public Foo(IDataLayer dataLayer)
    {
        this.dataLayer = dataLayer;
    }

    public void MethodToTest()
    {
        using (var transaction = new TransactionScope())
        {
            this.dataLayer.Foo();
            this.dataLayer.Bar();
            transaction.Complete();
        }
    }
}

您的测试如下所示(假设MS测试):

[TestClass]
public class WhenMethodToTestIsCalled()
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void ThenEverythingIsExecutedInATransaction()
    {
        var transactionCommitted = false;
        var fooTransaction = (Transaction)null;
        var barTransaction = (Transaction)null;

        var dataLayerMock = new Mock<IDataLayer>();

        dataLayerMock.Setup(dataLayer => dataLayer.Foo())
                     .Callback(() =>
                               {
                                   fooTransaction = Transaction.Current;
                                   fooTransaction.TransactionCompleted +=
                                       (sender, args) =>
                                       transactionCommitted = args.Transaction.TransactionInformation.Status == TransactionStatus.Committed;
                               });

        dataLayerMock.Setup(dataLayer => dataLayer.Bar())
                     .Callback(() => barTransaction = Transaction.Current);

        var unitUnderTest = new Foo(dataLayerMock.Object);

        unitUnderTest.MethodToTest();

        // A transaction was used for Foo()
        fooTransaction.Should().NotBeNull();

        // The same transaction was used for Bar()
        barTransaction.Should().BeSameAs(fooTransaction);

        // The transaction was committed
        transactionCommitted.Should().BeTrue();
    }
}

这对我来说非常有用。

第一个应该是成功的“蓝天”测试。您的单元测试应该确保提交事务后,所有ACID记录都出现在数据库中。

第二个应该是“不可靠”的版本,它执行InsertFoo操作,然后在尝试InsertBar之前抛出异常。成功的测试将显示异常已经抛出,并且Foo和Bar对象都没有提交到数据库。

如果这两个都通过了,我想说你的交易范围正在正常工作。

在我自己思考了同样的问题之后,我得出了以下解决方案。

using(var scope = GetTransactionScope())
{
    // transactional methods
    datalayer.InsertFoo();
    datalayer.InsertBar();
    scope.Complete();
}

protected virtual TransactionScope GetTransactionScope()
{
    return new TransactionScope();
}

当您需要测试代码时,您继承了被测试的类,扩展了函数,因此您可以检测它是否被调用。

public class TestableBLLClass : BLLClass
    {
        public bool scopeCalled;

        protected override TransactionScope GetTransactionScope()
        {
            this.scopeCalled = true;
            return base.GetTransactionScope();
        }
    }

然后在类的可测试版本上执行与TransactionScope相关的测试。