从列表中随机选择值,但有字符长度限制

安装程序

from collections import defaultdict
import random
dct = defaultdict(list)
l1 = ["abc", "abcdef", "abcedfhi"]
l2 = ["The", "silver", "proposes", "the", "blushing", "number", "burst", "explores", "the", "fast", "iron", "impossible"]

首先,使用 collections.defaultdict 要创建关键字为单词长度的词典,请执行以下操作:

for word in l2:
  dct[len(word)].append(word)

# Result
defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {3: ['The', 'the', 'the'], 6: ['silver', 'number'], 8: ['proposes', 'blushing', 'explores'], 5: ['burst'], 4: ['fast', 'iron'], 10: ['impossible']})

然后你可以使用一个简单的列表理解和 random.choice 选择与第一个列表中每个元素的长度匹配的随机单词。如果字长是 不 在你的字典里,填上 -1 :

final = [random.choice(dct.get(len(w), [-1])) for w in l1]

# Output
['The', 'silver', 'blushing']

根据明确的要求进行编辑
下面是一种方法,它满足了在列表2中不存在重复项时不允许重复项的要求:

for word in l2:
    dct[len(word)].append(word)

for k in dct:
    random.shuffle(dct[k])

final = [dct[len(w)].pop() for w in l1]
# ['The', 'silver', 'proposes']

这种方法将提高 IndexError 如果第二个列表中没有足够的单词来完成分发。

一种方法可能是创造 list 项目长度 test1 . 然后,使用它创建包含 这些长度的子列表 test2 . 最后从列表中随机弹出(如下 similar answer ),以便在为样本选择后移除该项。

from random import randrange

test1 = ["abc", "abcdef", "abcedfhi"]
test2 = ["The", "silver", "proposes", "the", "blushing", "number", "burst", "explores", "the", "fast", "iron", "impossible"]

sizes = [len(i) for i in test1]
# results: [3, 6, 8]

sublists = [[item for item in test2 if len(item) == i] for i in sizes ]
# results for sublists: [['The', 'the', 'the'], ['silver', 'number'], ['proposes', 'blushing', 'explores']]

# randomly pop from the list for samples 
samples = [i.pop(randrange(len(i)))  for i in sublists]

print('Samples: ',samples)

结果:

Samples:  ['the', 'number', 'blushing']