Python:如何从字符串中提取所需的信息?

假设字符串总是按照您的示例格式化:

import re

data = '123:Palo Alto, CA -> 456:Seattle, WA 789'

name_list = []
r = re.compile("(\s?\d)|:")
name_list += r.sub("", data).split(" ->")
print name_list # Prints ['Palo Alto, CA', 'Seattle, WA']

>>> s = ""
>>> len(s)
0

但是,可以将Python中的字符串与 +

>>> s += "Some"
>>> s += " Text"
>>> print s
Some Text

data = '123:Palo Alto, CA -> 456:Seattle, WA 789'
citys = []
for record in data.split("->"):
    citys.append(
        re.search(r":(?P<city>[\w\s]+),\s*(?P<state>[\w]+)",record)
        .groupdict()
    )

print citys

给予:

[{'city': 'Palo Alto', 'state': 'CA'}, {'city': 'Seattle', 'state': 'WA'}]

假设您总是将字符串格式化为如下所示,您可以执行以下操作:

cityState = []
for line in data.split('->'):
    cityState.append({'city':city=line.strip().split(',')[0].split(':')[1],
                     'state':state=line.strip().split(',').split(' ')[1]})

如果需要,可以始终使用正则表达式: /\d+:(\w+),\s(\w+)/ . 虽然不漂亮,但应该能完成任务。假设要匹配的字符串是您拥有的测试字符串。

import re

for s in string_to_match.split("->"):
    m = re.match(r"\d+:(\w+),\s(\w+)", s)
    city = m.group(1)
    state = m.group(2)

语法可能有点错误,但总的想法是存在的。

inputStr = '123:Palo Alto, CA -> 456:Seattle, WA 789';
m = re.search('.*:(.*),(.*)->.*:(.*),\s*(\S{2})', inputStr)
print "City1=" + m.group(1)
print "State1=" + m.group(2)
print "City2=" + m.group(3)
print "State2=" + m.group(4)   

生产

City1=Palo Alto
State1= CA 
City2=Seattle
State2=WA