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Oracle SELECT查询:在为不同字段配对日期时折叠空值

analytic-functions pivot-table plsql select oracle

Sarah Vessels · 技术社区 · 14 年前

这个问题很像 my previous question ,但有点复杂。 Rob van Wijk's answer 这对我的另一个问题很有效,我一直以此为出发点。我现在的问题是,我正在为不同的领域旋转日期。而在我关心得到所有 open_in open_out 给定值 id ,现在我想 new_in , new_out , 在中打开 打开\u , fixed_in ,和 fixed_out 对于每个 身份证件 . 我有以下几点:

SELECT id,
       state,
       state_time,
       MAX(new_row_num) OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time) AS new_row_group,
       MAX(open_row_num) OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time) AS open_row_group,
       MAX(fixed_row_num) OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time) AS fixed_row_group
FROM (
       SELECT id,
              state,
              state_time,
              CASE state
                   WHEN 'New'
                   THEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time)
              END AS new_row_num,
              CASE state
                   WHEN 'Open'
                   THEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time)
              END AS open_row_num,
              CASE state
                   WHEN 'Fixed'
                   THEN ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY state_time)
              END AS fixed_row_num
       FROM ...
     )

id  state   state_time           new_row_group  open_row_group  fixed_row_group
1   New     2009-03-03 00:03:31  1
1   Closed  2009-03-04 04:15:27  1
2   New     2010-05-22 14:38:49  1
2   Open    2010-05-22 14:39:14  1              2
2   Fixed   2010-05-22 17:15:27  1              2               3

我想要如下数据:

id  new_in               new_out              open_in              open_out             fixed_in             fixed_out
1   2009-03-03 00:03:31  2009-03-04 04:15:27
2   2010-05-22 14:38:49  2010-05-22 14:39:14  2010-05-22 14:39:14  2010-05-22 17:15:27  2010-05-22 17:15:27

如何透视数据以获得每个对象的此日期对 ?

编辑: 为了澄清,一个 身份证件 可以多次进入和离开一个状态。例如,一个 身份证件 可能会从新建到打开,再到固定到打开,再到固定到关闭。在这种情况下,需要尽可能多的行来保存所有状态时间,例如:

id  new_in               new_out              open_in              open_out             fixed_in             fixed_out
4   2009-01-01 00:00:00  2009-01-02 00:00:00  2009-01-02 00:00:00  2009-01-03 00:00:00  2009-01-03 00:00:00  2009-01-04 00:00:00
4                                             2009-01-04 00:00:00  2009-01-05 00:00:00  2009-01-05 00:00:00  2009-01-06 00:00:00

3 回复 | 直到 8 年前

Rob van Wijk 14 年前

莎拉,

以下是示例数据:

SQL> create table yourtable (id,state,state_time)
  2  as
  3  select 1, 'New', to_date('2009-03-03 00:03:31','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all
  4  select 1, 'Closed', to_date('2009-03-04 04:15:27','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all
  5  select 2, 'New', to_date('2010-05-22 14:38:49','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all
  6  select 2, 'Open', to_date('2010-05-22 14:39:14','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all
  7  select 2, 'Fixed', to_date('2010-05-22 17:15:27','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all
  8  select 3, 'New', date '2009-01-01' from dual union all
  9  select 3, 'Open', date '2009-01-02' from dual union all
 10  select 3, 'Fixed', date '2009-01-03' from dual union all
 11  select 3, 'Open', date '2009-01-04' from dual union all
 12  select 3, 'Fixed', date '2009-01-05' from dual union all
 13  select 3, 'Closed', date '2009-01-06' from dual
 14  /

Table created.

查询:

SQL> select id
  2       , max(decode(state,'New',state_time))   new_in
  3       , max(decode(state,'New',out_time))     new_out
  4       , max(decode(state,'Open',state_time))  open_in
  5       , max(decode(state,'Open',out_time))    open_out
  6       , max(decode(state,'Fixed',state_time)) fixed_in
  7       , max(decode(state,'Fixed',out_time))   fixed_out
  8    from ( select id
  9                , state
 10                , state_time
 11                , max(cnt) over (partition by id order by state_time) the_row
 12                , lead(state_time) over (partition by id order by state_time) out_time
 13             from ( select id
 14                         , state
 15                         , state_time
 16                         , count(*) over (partition by id,state order by state_time) cnt
 17                      from yourtable
 18                  )
 19         )
 20   group by id
 21       , the_row
 22   order by id
 23       , the_row
 24  /

        ID NEW_IN              NEW_OUT             OPEN_IN             OPEN_OUT            FIXED_IN            FIXED_OUT
---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
         1 03-03-2009 00:03:31 04-03-2009 04:15:27
         2 22-05-2010 14:38:49 22-05-2010 14:39:14 22-05-2010 14:39:14 22-05-2010 17:15:27 22-05-2010 17:15:27
         3 01-01-2009 00:00:00 02-01-2009 00:00:00 02-01-2009 00:00:00 03-01-2009 00:00:00 03-01-2009 00:00:00 04-01-2009 00:00:00
         3                                         04-01-2009 00:00:00 05-01-2009 00:00:00 05-01-2009 00:00:00 06-01-2009 00:00:00

4 rows selected.

要了解它的工作原理,请从内到外执行查询并检查中间结果集。如果你需要更多的解释,请告诉我。

罗伯。

Allan 14 年前

select id, 
       min(case state when 'New' then state_time else null end) as new_in,
       max(case state when 'New' then out_state_time else null end) as new_out,
       min(case state when 'Open' then state_time else null end) as open_in,
       max(case state when 'Open' then out_state_time else null end) as open_out,
       min(case state when 'Fixed' then state_time else null end) as fixed_in,
       max(case state when 'Fixed' then out_state_time else null end) as fixed_out
from
    (select id, 
            state, 
            state_time, 
            lead(state_time) over (partition by id 
                                   order by state_time) as out_state_time
     from ...
    )
group by id

lead

redcayuga 14 年前

select news.id, news.state_time as new_in, min(not_news.state_time) as new_out
   , min(opens.state_time) as open_in
   , min(not_opens.state_time) as open_out
   , min(closes.state_time) as close_in
   , min(not_closed.state_time) as close_out
from
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state = 'New' ) news
   left join
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state <> 'New' ) not_news     on news.id = not_news.id and news.state_time <= not_news.state_time
   left join
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state = 'Open' ) opens     on news.id = opens.id and news.state_time <= opens.state_time
   left join
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state not in ('New', 'Open' )) not_opens     on news.id = opens.id and news.state_time <= opens.state_time    and opens.state_time <= not_opens.state_time
   left join
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state = 'Closed' ) closes     on news.id = closes.id and news.state_time <= closes.state_time
   left join
   (SELECT id,
          state,
          state_time
      from mytable
      where state not in ('Closed' )) not_closed     on news.id = not_closed.id and news.state_time <= closes.state_time    and closes.state_time <= not_closed.state_time
group by news.id, news.state_time
order by id,  news.state_time

我的测试数据(借用Rob):

    create table mytable (id,state,state_time) 
    as 
    select 1, 'New', to_date('2009-03-03 00:03:31','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all 
    select 1, 'Closed', to_date('2009-03-04 04:15:27','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all 
    select 2, 'New', to_date('2010-05-22 14:38:49','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all 
    select 2, 'Open', to_date('2010-05-22 14:39:14','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all 
    select 2, 'Fixed', to_date('2010-05-22 17:15:27','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual union all 
    select 3, 'New', date '2009-01-01' from dual union all 
    select 3, 'Open', date '2009-01-02' from dual union all 
   select 3, 'Fixed', date '2009-01-03' from dual union all 
   select 3, 'Open', date '2009-01-04' from dual union all 
   select 3, 'Fixed', date '2009-01-05' from dual union all 
   select 3, 'Closed', date '2009-01-06' from dual

查询结果:

ID   NEW_IN            NEW_OUT           OPEN_IN           OPEN_OUT          CLOSE_IN CLOSE_OUT
1    3/3/2009 12:03:31 3/4/2009 4:15:27  3/4/2009 4:15:27   
2    5/22/2010 2:38:49 5/22/2010 2:39:14 5/22/2010 2:39:14 5/22/2010 5:15:27        
3    1/1/2009          1/2/2009          1/2/2009          1/3/2009          1/6/2009