使用south重构具有继承的Django模型

查看Paul下面的回复,了解与Django/South新版本兼容性的一些注意事项。

这似乎是一个有趣的问题,我越来越喜欢South,所以我决定对此进行一些研究。我根据你上面描述的摘要构建了一个测试项目,并成功地使用South来执行你所要求的迁移。在我们开始代码之前,有几点注意事项:

• 在后端,Django通过在继承模型上自动创建OneToOne字段来表示继承的表

• 理解这一点后,我们的South迁移需要手动正确处理OneToOne字段,然而,在实验中,South(或者Django本身)似乎无法在多个同名继承表上创建OneToOne文件。因此,我将电影/电视应用程序中的每个子表重命名为其自己的应用程序(即MovieVideoFile/ShowVideoFile)。

命令历史

django-admin.py startproject southtest
manage.py startapp movies
manage.py startapp tv
manage.py syncdb
manage.py startmigration movies --initial
manage.py startmigration tv --initial
manage.py migrate
manage.py shell          # added some fake data...
manage.py startapp media
manage.py startmigration media --initial
manage.py migrate
# edited code, wrote new models, but left old ones intact
manage.py startmigration movies unified-videofile --auto
# create a new (blank) migration to hand-write data migration
manage.py startmigration movies videofile-to-movievideofile-data 
manage.py migrate
# edited code, wrote new models, but left old ones intact
manage.py startmigration tv unified-videofile --auto
# create a new (blank) migration to hand-write data migration
manage.py startmigration tv videofile-to-movievideofile-data
manage.py migrate
# removed old VideoFile model from apps
manage.py startmigration movies removed-videofile --auto
manage.py startmigration tv removed-videofile --auto
manage.py migrate

为了节省空间,而且由于模型最终看起来总是一样的,我只会用“电影”应用程序来演示。

from django.db import models
from media.models import VideoFile as BaseVideoFile

# This model remains until the last migration, which deletes 
# it from the schema.  Note the name conflict with media.models
class VideoFile(models.Model):
    movie = models.ForeignKey(Movie, blank=True, null=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
    size = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    ctime = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)

class MovieVideoFile(BaseVideoFile):
    movie = models.ForeignKey(Movie, blank=True, null=True, related_name='shows')

from south.db import db
from django.db import models
from movies.models import *

class Migration:

    def forwards(self, orm):

        # Adding model 'MovieVideoFile'
        db.create_table('movies_movievideofile', (
            ('videofile_ptr', orm['movies.movievideofile:videofile_ptr']),
            ('movie', orm['movies.movievideofile:movie']),
        ))
        db.send_create_signal('movies', ['MovieVideoFile'])

    def backwards(self, orm):

        # Deleting model 'MovieVideoFile'
        db.delete_table('movies_movievideofile')

from south.db import db
from django.db import models
from movies.models import *

class Migration:

    def forwards(self, orm):
        for movie in orm['movies.videofile'].objects.all():
            new_movie = orm.MovieVideoFile.objects.create(movie = movie.movie,)
            new_movie.videofile_ptr = orm['media.VideoFile'].objects.create()

            # videofile_ptr must be created first before values can be assigned
            new_movie.videofile_ptr.name = movie.name
            new_movie.videofile_ptr.size = movie.size
            new_movie.videofile_ptr.ctime = movie.ctime
            new_movie.videofile_ptr.save()

    def backwards(self, orm):
        print 'No Backwards'

南方太棒了!

--db-dry-run 测试你的模式。在尝试任何事情之前,一定要做好备份,通常要小心。

兼容性通知

我会保持我最初的信息不变,但南方已经改变了指挥权 manage.py startmigration 进入 manage.py schemamigration .

我想主要是你 需要为父类创建表条目,即您不需要

new_movie.videofile_ptr = orm['media.VideoFile'].objects.create()

不再。Django现在会自动为你做这件事(如果你有非空字段,那么上面的方法对我不起作用,给了我一个数据库错误)。

我认为这可能是由于django和south的变化,这是一个在ubuntu 10.10上使用django 1.2.3和south 0.7.1的版本。模型有点不同,但你会得到要点:

初始设置

post1/models.py:

class Author(models.Model):
    first = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, primary_key=True)

class Post(models.Model):
    created_on = models.DateTimeField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True)

post2/models.py:

class Author(models.Model):
    first = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    middle = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Post(models.Model):
    created_on = models.DateTimeField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True)
    extra_content = models.TextField(blank=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category)

普通邮件

新设置:

class Author(models.Model):
    first = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    middle = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)
    last = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, primary_key=True)

class Post(models.Model):
    created_on = models.DateTimeField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True)

post1/models.py:

import genpost.models as gp

class SimplePost(gp.Post):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True

post2/models.py:

import genpost.models as gp

class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class ExtPost(gp.Post):
    extra_content = models.TextField(blank=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category)

$./manage.py schemamigration post1 --initial
$./manage.py schemamigration post2 --initial
$./manage.py migrate

向南迁徙:

$./manage.py schemamigration genpost --initial

(我正在使用 $ 要表示shell提示符,请不要键入。)

和 然后为这两个也创建schemamigration:

$./manage.py schemamigration post1 --auto
$./manage.py schemamigration post2 --auto

现在我们可以应用所有这些迁移:

$./manage.py migrate

$./manage.py datamigration genpost post1_and_post2_to_genpost --freeze post1 --freeze post2

然后编辑genpost/migrations/0002_post1_和_post2_to_genpost.py:

class Migration(DataMigration):

    def forwards(self, orm):

        # 
        # Migrate common data into the new genpost models
        #
        for auth1 in orm['post1.author'].objects.all():
            new_auth = orm.Author()
            new_auth.first = auth1.first
            new_auth.last = auth1.last
            new_auth.save()

        for auth2 in orm['post2.author'].objects.all():
            new_auth = orm.Author()
            new_auth.first = auth2.first
            new_auth.middle = auth2.middle
            new_auth.last = auth2.last
            new_auth.save()

        for tag in orm['post1.tag'].objects.all():
            new_tag = orm.Tag()
            new_tag.name = tag.name
            new_tag.save()

        for tag in orm['post2.tag'].objects.all():
            new_tag = orm.Tag()
            new_tag.name = tag.name
            new_tag.save()

        for post1 in orm['post1.post'].objects.all():
            new_genpost = orm.Post()

            # Content
            new_genpost.created_on = post1.created_on
            new_genpost.title = post1.title
            new_genpost.content = post1.content

            # Foreign keys
            new_genpost.author = orm['genpost.author'].objects.filter(\
                    first=post1.author.first,last=post1.author.last)[0]

            new_genpost.save() # Needed for M2M updates
            for tag in post1.tags.all():
                new_genpost.tags.add(\
                        orm['genpost.tag'].objects.get(name=tag.name))

            new_genpost.save()
            post1.delete()

        for post2 in orm['post2.post'].objects.all():
            new_extpost = p2.ExtPost() 
            new_extpost.created_on = post2.created_on
            new_extpost.title = post2.title
            new_extpost.content = post2.content

            # Foreign keys
            new_extpost.author_id = orm['genpost.author'].objects.filter(\
                    first=post2.author.first,\
                    middle=post2.author.middle,\
                    last=post2.author.last)[0].id

            new_extpost.extra_content = post2.extra_content
            new_extpost.category_id = post2.category_id

            # M2M fields
            new_extpost.save()
            for tag in post2.tags.all():
                new_extpost.tags.add(tag.name) # name is primary key

            new_extpost.save()
            post2.delete()

        # Get rid of author and tags in post1 and post2
        orm['post1.author'].objects.all().delete()
        orm['post1.tag'].objects.all().delete()
        orm['post2.author'].objects.all().delete()
        orm['post2.tag'].objects.all().delete()


    def backwards(self, orm):
        raise RuntimeError("No backwards.")

现在应用这些迁移:

$./manage.py迁移

$./manage.py schemamigration post1 --auto
$./manage.py schemamigration post2 --auto
$./manage.py migrate

Abstract Model

class VideoFile(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
    size = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    ctime = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True

多半 generic relation

我做了一个类似的迁移,我选择分多个步骤进行。除了创建多次迁移外,我还创建了反向迁移,以便在出现问题时提供回退。然后,我抓取了一些测试数据,并前后迁移,直到我确信在向前迁移时它是正确的。最后,我迁移了生产站点。