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在ManyToManyField中一起获取相关模型和通过模型的最佳方式

manytomanyfield django-orm django

odigity · 技术社区 · 4 年前

给定的架构:

class Investor(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    advisors = models.ManyToManyField("Advisor", related_name="investors", through="Connection")

class Advisor(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Connection(models.Model):
    investor = models.ForeignKey("Investor", related_name="connections", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    advisor  = models.ForeignKey("Advisor",  related_name="connections", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    blocked  = models.BooleanField(default=False)

给定一个顾问“a”,当存在“a”时,获取所有投资者及其与“a”的联系的最佳列表是什么?

到目前为止,我发现最好的是:

from django.db.models import Prefetch

for investor in Investor.objects.prefetch_related(
    Prefetch(
        'connections',
        queryset=Connection.objects.filter(advisor=a),
        to_attr='connection',
    )
):
    name = investor.name
    blocked = None
    if investor.connection:
        blocked = investor.connection[0].blocked
    print(f"{name} (blocked={blocked})")

使现代化

我找到了一种让使用上述策略更愉快的方法:

class WithConnection:
    def __init__(self, queryset):
        self.queryset = queryset

    def __iter__(self):
        for model in self.queryset:
            connection = model.my_connections[0] if model.my_connections else None
            yield model, connection

class InvestorQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
    def pov(self, advisor):
        return WithConnection(
            self.prefetch_related(models.Prefetch(
                'connections',
                queryset=Connection.objects.filter(advisor=advisor),
                to_attr='my_connections',
            ))
        )

使用方式如下:

advisor = Advisor.objects.first()
for investor, connection in Investor.objects.pov(advisor):
    # do stuff with investor
    if connection:
        # do stuff with connection

希望在这方面有所改进。Django的ORM非常强大,似乎应该有一种更简单的方法来实现这一点。

1 回复 | 直到 4 年前

Jordan Hyatt 4 年前

我相信你只是想要

a.investor_set.all()

odigity 4 年前

经过多次研究和迭代,我得出了这个解决方案:

class WithConnectionQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
    def __iter__(self):
        return map(
            lambda m: (m, m.my_connections[0]) if m.my_connections else (m, None),
            super().__iter__(),
        )

class Investor(models.Model):
    ...
    @classmethod
    def viewed_by(cls, advisor):
        manager = cls._default_manager.__class__.from_queryset(WithConnectionQuerySet)()
        manager.model = cls
        return manager.prefetch_related(models.Prefetch(
            'connections',
            queryset=Connection.objects.filter(advisor=advisor),
            to_attr='my_connections',
        ))

使用方式如下:

advisor = Advisor.objects.first()
for investor, connection in Investor.viewed_by(advisor).filter(age__gt=40):
    # do stuff with investor
    if connection:
        # do stuff with connection

我对它还不是百分之百的兴奋,但我现在已经足够喜欢它了,可以开始使用了。如果有人有更好的答案,请插话。