将纵向值重塑为宽,用于每个主题有多行的数据

如果你能提供一些样本数据,我们可以帮你。网站上有很多教程,介绍如何使用以下功能来做您感兴趣的事情:

gather() 和 spread() tidyr 包裹

melt() 和 dcast() 从 reshape2 包裹

这里有一种方法 tidyr .

library(tidyr)
df2 <- df %>%
  # (optional) First convert all the data columns to text so 
  #   they're readable throughout the process.
  mutate_at(vars(Date:Q6_text), as.character) %>%

  # Gather into long format, where we record the column it came from 
  #   as "question" and the value it held as "value"
  gather(question, value, -Subject_ID, -row_num) %>%

  # Combine the row_num and question into a new column
  unite("question2", c("row_num", "question")) %>%

  # Use that new column to spread everything out
  spread(question2, value)


> df2
  Subject_ID     1_Date 1_Q1  1_Q2_text 1_Q3 1_Q4 1_Q5 1_Q6_text     2_Date 2_Q1 2_Q2_text 2_Q3 2_Q4 2_Q5     2_Q6_text     3_Date 3_Q1 3_Q2_text 3_Q3 3_Q4 3_Q5 3_Q6_text
1          1 2019-01-01    4    Because    5    5    1 and so on 2019-01-02    1 O, bother    5    4    1          <NA> 2019-01-03    2      <NA>    3    4 <NA>      <NA>
2          2 2018-12-04 <NA>       <NA>    1    4    1      <NA>       <NA> <NA>      <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>          <NA>       <NA> <NA>      <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>      <NA>
3          3 2018-12-15    3 In addtion    5 <NA>    3      <NA> 2018-12-26    1      <NA>    4    3    2 in conclusion       <NA> <NA>      <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>      <NA>