可以用编译单个C代码文件吗。NET Core Roslyn编译器?

是的,可以在中使用csc或vbc编译器编译单个文件。净核心。

csc。{exe | dll} System.Runtime 和 System.Private.CoreLib 图书馆和任何其他必要的参考资料。下面的列表显示了如何编译以下内容 Hello, World!

using System;

namespace HelloWorld
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
        }
    }
}

将WSL与一起使用 Ubuntu 16.04

time dotnet /usr/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/csc.exe -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Private.CoreLib.dll -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Console.dll -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Runtime.dll HelloWorld.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

real    0m0.890s
user    0m0.641s
sys     0m0.250s

ls -li
total 4
 4785074604720852 -rw-rw-rw- 1 developer developer  178 Dec  7 15:07 HelloWorld.cs
11821949022487213 -rw-rw-rw- 1 developer developer 4096 Dec  7 15:13 HelloWorld.exe

System.Runtime.dll 和 System.Console.dll System.Private.CoreLib.dll . 不同的SDK版本将在不同的位置安装Roslyn和命令行驱动程序-不同版本的SDK布局有所不同-最新的2.2.2 SDK随附 csc.dll 和 vbc.dll 而不是 csc.exe vbc.exe . 因此,在使用此方法之前,有必要检查SDK布局。

详细说明

Roslyn编译器的设计方式与以前使用的略有不同 和 vbc。exe文件 编译器。首先,Roslyn是用C和VB编写的。NET是一个托管。NET应用程序。在Windows上,它主要用作在服务器进程中运行的公共服务 VBCSCompiler.exe (.dll)。然而,Roslyn提供了托管命令行驱动程序, 和 csc。dll 和 )它可以用于直接从命令行编译源文件。无论如何,这正是构建系统的目的。NET,通过命令行调用Roslyn。运行简单的 dotnet csc.exe -help

Ready To Run ),将需要从加载整个开始。NET框架,初始化它,然后加载Roslyn程序集并开始编译过程。然而,从上面的计时可以看出,它总是比运行本机编译器慢一点,没有那么慢。

有一篇新的文档文章添加到 corefx 存储库描述 Advanced scenario - Build and run application code with csc/vbc and CoreRun . 任何感兴趣的人都可以将其作为如何在低级别工作的指南。净核心。

    Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


                              Visual C# Compiler Options

                        - OUTPUT FILES -
 /out:<file>                   Specify output file name (default: base name of
                               file with main class or first file)
 /target:exe                   Build a console executable (default) (Short
                               form: /t:exe)
 /target:winexe                Build a Windows executable (Short form:
                               /t:winexe)
 /target:library               Build a library (Short form: /t:library)
 /target:module                Build a module that can be added to another
                               assembly (Short form: /t:module)
 /target:appcontainerexe       Build an Appcontainer executable (Short form:
                               /t:appcontainerexe)
 /target:winmdobj              Build a Windows Runtime intermediate file that
                               is consumed by WinMDExp (Short form: /t:winmdobj)
 /doc:<file>                   XML Documentation file to generate
 /refout:<file>                Reference assembly output to generate
 /platform:<string>            Limit which platforms this code can run on: x86,
                               Itanium, x64, arm, anycpu32bitpreferred, or
                               anycpu. The default is anycpu.

                        - INPUT FILES -
 /recurse:<wildcard>           Include all files in the current directory and
                               subdirectories according to the wildcard
                               specifications
 /reference:<alias>=<file>     Reference metadata from the specified assembly
                               file using the given alias (Short form: /r)
 /reference:<file list>        Reference metadata from the specified assembly
                               files (Short form: /r)
 /addmodule:<file list>        Link the specified modules into this assembly
 /link:<file list>             Embed metadata from the specified interop
                               assembly files (Short form: /l)
 /analyzer:<file list>         Run the analyzers from this assembly
                               (Short form: /a)
 /additionalfile:<file list>   Additional files that don't directly affect code
                               generation but may be used by analyzers for producing
                               errors or warnings.
 /embed                        Embed all source files in the PDB.
 /embed:<file list>            Embed specific files in the PDB

                        - RESOURCES -
 /win32res:<file>              Specify a Win32 resource file (.res)
 /win32icon:<file>             Use this icon for the output
 /win32manifest:<file>         Specify a Win32 manifest file (.xml)
 /nowin32manifest              Do not include the default Win32 manifest
 /resource:<resinfo>           Embed the specified resource (Short form: /res)
 /linkresource:<resinfo>       Link the specified resource to this assembly
                               (Short form: /linkres) Where the resinfo format
                               is <file>[,<string name>[,public|private]]

                        - CODE GENERATION -
 /debug[+|-]                   Emit debugging information
 /debug:{full|pdbonly|portable|embedded}
                               Specify debugging type ('full' is default,
                               'portable' is a cross-platform format,
                               'embedded' is a cross-platform format embedded into
                               the target .dll or .exe)
 /optimize[+|-]                Enable optimizations (Short form: /o)
 /deterministic                Produce a deterministic assembly
                               (including module version GUID and timestamp)
 /refonly                      Produce a reference assembly in place of the main output
 /instrument:TestCoverage      Produce an assembly instrumented to collect
                               coverage information
 /sourcelink:<file>            Source link info to embed into PDB.

                        - ERRORS AND WARNINGS -
 /warnaserror[+|-]             Report all warnings as errors
 /warnaserror[+|-]:<warn list> Report specific warnings as errors
 /warn:<n>                     Set warning level (0-4) (Short form: /w)
 /nowarn:<warn list>           Disable specific warning messages
 /ruleset:<file>               Specify a ruleset file that disables specific
                               diagnostics.
 /errorlog:<file>              Specify a file to log all compiler and analyzer
                               diagnostics.
 /reportanalyzer               Report additional analyzer information, such as
                               execution time.

                        - LANGUAGE -
 /checked[+|-]                 Generate overflow checks
 /unsafe[+|-]                  Allow 'unsafe' code
 /define:<symbol list>         Define conditional compilation symbol(s) (Short
                               form: /d)
 /langversion:<string>         Specify language version mode: ISO-1, ISO-2, 3,
                               4, 5, 6, 7, 7.1, Default, or Latest

                        - SECURITY -
 /delaysign[+|-]               Delay-sign the assembly using only the public
                               portion of the strong name key
 /publicsign[+|-]              Public-sign the assembly using only the public
                               portion of the strong name key
 /keyfile:<file>               Specify a strong name key file
 /keycontainer:<string>        Specify a strong name key container
 /highentropyva[+|-]           Enable high-entropy ASLR

                        - MISCELLANEOUS -
 @<file>                       Read response file for more options
 /help                         Display this usage message (Short form: /?)
 /nologo                       Suppress compiler copyright message
 /noconfig                     Do not auto include CSC.RSP file
 /parallel[+|-]                Concurrent build.
 /version                      Display the compiler version number and exit.

                        - ADVANCED -
 /baseaddress:<address>        Base address for the library to be built
 /checksumalgorithm:<alg>      Specify algorithm for calculating source file
                               checksum stored in PDB. Supported values are:
                               SHA1 (default) or SHA256.
 /codepage:<n>                 Specify the codepage to use when opening source
                               files
 /utf8output                   Output compiler messages in UTF-8 encoding
 /main:<type>                  Specify the type that contains the entry point
                               (ignore all other possible entry points) (Short
                               form: /m)
 /fullpaths                    Compiler generates fully qualified paths
 /filealign:<n>                Specify the alignment used for output file
                               sections
 /pathmap:<K1>=<V1>,<K2>=<V2>,...
                               Specify a mapping for source path names output by
                               the compiler.
 /pdb:<file>                   Specify debug information file name (default:
                               output file name with .pdb extension)
 /errorendlocation             Output line and column of the end location of
                               each error
 /preferreduilang              Specify the preferred output language name.
 /nostdlib[+|-]                Do not reference standard library (mscorlib.dll)
 /subsystemversion:<string>    Specify subsystem version of this assembly
 /lib:<file list>              Specify additional directories to search in for
                               references
 /errorreport:<string>         Specify how to handle internal compiler errors:
                               prompt, send, queue, or none. The default is
                               queue.
 /appconfig:<file>             Specify an application configuration file
                               containing assembly binding settings
 /moduleassemblyname:<string>  Name of the assembly which this module will be
                               a part of
 /modulename:<string>          Specify the name of the source module

公认的答案是使用 System.Private.CoreLib.dll 这是一个运行时程序集,不建议使用。从…起 C# compiler developer's comments

尝试将运行时程序集用作编译引用不是 支持并经常中断运行时的结构 组件

相反,应使用参考程序集。引用程序集是在 dotnet build csc 运行时可以看到调用 dotnet 增加了详细性的CLI( dotnet build --verbosity normal ). 可能会看到对程序集的引用,如 System.Runtime.dll System.Console.dll microsoft.netcore.app NuGet包。

但是,对于简单的单个文件 Hello, World! netstandard.dll <installation-directory>/sdk/2.2.203/ref/netstandard.dll .

dotnet HelloWorld.exe HelloWorld.runtimeconfig.json 必须创建,包含目标。NET Core运行时版本。我们将通过为控制台(NETCoreApp)应用程序创建一个通用的runtimeconfig和一个伴随的别名来简化它 csc_run .

将以下内容添加到 ~/.profile :

#!/usr/bin/env sh

# IMPORTANT: make sure dotnet is present in PATH before the next lines

# prepare csc alias

DOTNETDIR=$(dirname $(dirname $(dotnet --info | grep "Base Path" | cut -d' ' -f 6)))
CSCPATH=$(find $DOTNETDIR -name csc.dll -print | sort | tail -n1)
NETSTANDARDPATH=$(find $DOTNETDIR -path *sdk/*/ref/netstandard.dll ! -path *NuGetFallback* -print | sort | tail -n1)

alias csc='dotnet $CSCPATH /r:$NETSTANDARDPATH '

# prepare csc_run alias

if [ ! -w "$DOTNETDIR" ]; then
  mkdir -p $HOME/.dotnet
  DOTNETDIR=$HOME/.dotnet
fi

DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG=$DOTNETDIR/csc-console-apps.runtimeconfig.json

alias csc_run='dotnet exec --runtimeconfig $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG '

if [ ! -f $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG ]; then
  DOTNETRUNTIMEVERSION=$(dotnet --list-runtimes |
    grep Microsoft\.NETCore\.App | tail -1 | cut -d' ' -f2)

  cat << EOF > $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG
{
  "runtimeOptions": {
    "framework": {
      "name": "Microsoft.NETCore.App",
      "version": "$DOTNETRUNTIMEVERSION"
    }
  }
}
EOF
fi

退出并启动shell以重新加载配置文件(或源配置文件 . ~/.profile 如果您不想退出当前会话)。

用法:

cat << EOF > ./Program.cs
class Program
{
  static void Main() => System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
EOF

csc     -out:hwapp.exe Program.cs
csc_run hwapp.exe

# Hello World!

可以使用直接调用编译器

$ /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/RunCsc.sh

然而,如果没有支持的项目基础设施,这个特定的命令可能没有多大帮助,因为您需要全部传递。NET Core或。NET标准引用程序集,通常由SDK和NuGet处理。您会遇到如下错误:

$ /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/RunCsc.sh Program.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Program.cs(1,7): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'System' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Program.cs(5,11): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.Object' is not defined or imported
Program.cs(7,26): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.String' is not defined or imported
Program.cs(7,16): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.Void' is not defined or imported

简而言之,如果没有预定义的项目,它是不受支持的。

error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.Object' is not defined or imported #12393

目前,我们没有计划使csc易于使用。此中的exe 方式指导是暂时使用dotnet CLI工具 提供统一和/或简化参考的框架 比现在(按设计)复杂的类型或程序集分辨率。

另请参见关闭 Make it possible to invoke the compiler directly #7689 .

This is the scripts:



#!/bin/bash

#dotnethome=`dirname "$0"`
dotnethome=`dirname \`which dotnet\``
sdkver=$(dotnet --version)
fwkver=$(dotnet --list-runtimes | grep Microsoft.NETCore.App | awk '{printf("%s", $2)}')
dotnetlib=$dotnethome/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/$fwkver

if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
    dotnet $dotnethome/sdk/$sdkver/Roslyn/bincore/csc.dll -help
    echo dotnethome=$dotnethome
    echo sdkver=$sdkver
    echo fwkver=$fwkver
    echo dotnetlib=$dotnetlib
    exit 1
fi

progfile=$1
prog="${progfile%.*}"
echo -r:$dotnetlib/netstandard.dll > /tmp/$prog.rsp
echo -r:$dotnetlib/System.dll >> /tmp/$prog.rsp
echo -r:$dotnetlib/Microsoft.CSharp.dll >> /tmp/$prog.rsp
for f in  $dotnetlib/System.*.dll; do
    echo -r:$f >> /tmp/$prog.rsp
done

dotnet $dotnethome/sdk/$sdkver/Roslyn/bincore/csc.dll -out:$prog.dll -nologo @/tmp/$prog.rsp $* 
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
   if test -f "$prog.dll"; then
    if ! test -f "$prog.runtime.config"; then
        echo "{
  \"runtimeOptions\": {
    \"framework\": {
      \"name\": \"Microsoft.NETCore.App\",
      \"version\": \"$fwkver\"
    }
  }
}"  > "$prog.runtimeconfig.json"
    fi
  fi
fi
echo /tmp/$prog.rsp: 
cat /tmp/$prog.rsp
rm /tmp/$prog.rsp