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我想从递归搜索和复制中排除子文件夹

powershell

LA_MAR2 · 技术社区 · 4 年前

我想在目录“x”中递归查找文件类型“y”,不包括子目录“m”,并将文件复制到子目录“m”

我正在尝试这个

$TargetDir = read-host "Please enter target Dir"
$sourceDir = read-host "Please enter source Dir" 
$format = read-host "Format to look for" 
Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -Filter $format | where  FullName -Not -Like $TargetDir | 
Copy-Item -Destination $TargetDir

1 回复 | 直到 4 年前

Alex R. 4 年前

你最好试试用 foreach 循环。以下是搜索照片和视频的示例。

# Making an array of all files from Get-ChildItem
$searchItems = Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -Include *.mp4,*.jpg,*.jpeg | where  FullName -notlike $TargetDir
# Copy files one by one in cycle
foreach($currentFile in $searchItems) {
  Copy-Item -Path $currentFile.Fullname -Destination $TargetDir
}

LA_MAR2 4 年前

我想明白了,但最好能解释一下代码:

   $TargetDir = read-host "Please enter target Dir"
   $sourceDir = read-host "Please enter source Dir"
   $format = read-host "Format to look for"
   $folders = Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -filter $format | Where 
   {($_.PSIsContainer) -and ($TargetDir -notcontains $_.Name)}
   foreach ($f in $folders){
   Write-Host "These Files will be copied: $f"
   Copy-Item - path $sourceDir$f -Destination $TargetDir\$f -Recure -Force}

我不明白:

  Where {($_.PSIsContainer) -and ($TargetDir -notcontains $_.Name)}

为什么

Write-Host "These Files will be copied: $f"

运行时未显示

postanote 4 年前

这个。。。

[写入主机“这些文件将被复制:$f”]

…是因为你正在做的是一个循环,写主机清除缓冲区。除了需要彩色屏幕输出时,写主机大多没用。好吧,除了一些格式化用例。一般来说,不要使用它。就连PowerShell的作者也这么说。

除非另有说明,否则屏幕的输出是PowerShell默认值。写主机的更好选择是写输出,或输出主机或T形对象。请参阅有关其详细信息的帮助文件。

Get-ChildItem有几个开关,如果你只想要目录,有一个开关可以用来切换,还有一个开关是-Exclude,你知道的。

# Get specifics for a module, cmdlet, or function
(Get-Command -Name Get-ChildItem).Parameters
(Get-Command -Name Get-ChildItem).Parameters.Keys
# Results
<#
...
Exclude
...
Directory --- (This is what that $_.PSIsContainer/$PSItem.PSIsContainer this is doing, but that is legacy stuff.)
...
#>
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Examples
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Full
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Online

About Objects --- Objects in Pipelines

因此。。。

# Get directory names only and return only the full UNC
(Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path 'D:\SourceFolder'-Recurse).FullName
# Results
<#
D:\SourceFolder\est
D:\SourceFolder\here
D:\SourceFolder\hold
D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder
#>

# Just like the above, but exclude the TargetFolder
(Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path 'D:\SourceFolder' -Exclude 'TargetFolder' -Recurse).FullName
# Results
<#
D:\SourceFolder\est
D:\SourceFolder\here
D:\SourceFolder\hold
#>

所以,对你的代码进行一个小的重构。

# Recursively get all text files, in all directories, except one for copy action
Get-ChildItem -Path 'D:\SourceFolder' -Filter '*.txt' -Exclude 'TargetFolder' -Recurse |
ForEach { 
    "These Files will be copied: $($PSItem.FullName)"

    # Remove the -whatIf for the actual run.
    Copy-Item -Path $PSItem.FullName -Destination 'D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder' -Recurse -WhatIf 
}
# Results
<#
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest - Copy.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest - Copy.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\mytest - Copy.txt".
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\mytest.txt".
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\hold\awÃ©l.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\hold\awÃ©l.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\awÃ©l.txt".
#>

当然,你需要调整上述变量,并删除所有注释。评论是一件好事,但过度评论和评论不足或糟糕/难以理解的评论一样糟糕。所有这些都有自己的偏好。

我的规则:

不要对显而易见的事情发表评论,因为代码本身就说明了一切。
不要使用只有你知道或记得的速记。
用简单明了的本地化语言写作。
为那些不了解你或速记的人写作,他们会跟随你或可能使用/审查你的代码;他们可以而且经常是新手。