复制未对齐的位数组的高效算法是什么?

您的内部循环接受两个字节的片段并将它们移动到目标字节。这几乎是最佳的。以下是一些没有特别顺序的提示:

• 没有必要一次只限制一个字节。使用最大的整数大小你的平台将让你逃脱。这当然会使你的开始和结束逻辑复杂化。
• 如果确实需要掩码,请确保编译器将表查找移到循环之外。如果不是,则将其复制到一个临时变量并使用它。

这就是我最后要做的。(

#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stddef.h>

#define PREPARE_FIRST_COPY()                                      \
    do {                                                          \
    if (src_len >= (CHAR_BIT - dst_offset_modulo)) {              \
        *dst     &= reverse_mask[dst_offset_modulo];              \
        src_len -= CHAR_BIT - dst_offset_modulo;                  \
    } else {                                                      \
        *dst     &= reverse_mask[dst_offset_modulo]               \
              | reverse_mask_xor[dst_offset_modulo + src_len];    \
         c       &= reverse_mask[dst_offset_modulo + src_len];    \
        src_len = 0;                                              \
    } } while (0)


static void
bitarray_copy(const unsigned char *src_org, int src_offset, int src_len,
                    unsigned char *dst_org, int dst_offset)
{
    static const unsigned char mask[] =
        { 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x3f, 0x7f, 0xff };
    static const unsigned char reverse_mask[] =
        { 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff };
    static const unsigned char reverse_mask_xor[] =
        { 0xff, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x07, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00 };

    if (src_len) {
        const unsigned char *src;
              unsigned char *dst;
        int                  src_offset_modulo,
                             dst_offset_modulo;

        src = src_org + (src_offset / CHAR_BIT);
        dst = dst_org + (dst_offset / CHAR_BIT);

        src_offset_modulo = src_offset % CHAR_BIT;
        dst_offset_modulo = dst_offset % CHAR_BIT;

        if (src_offset_modulo == dst_offset_modulo) {
            int              byte_len;
            int              src_len_modulo;
            if (src_offset_modulo) {
                unsigned char   c;

                c = reverse_mask_xor[dst_offset_modulo]     & *src++;

                PREPARE_FIRST_COPY();
                *dst++ |= c;
            }

            byte_len = src_len / CHAR_BIT;
            src_len_modulo = src_len % CHAR_BIT;

            if (byte_len) {
                memcpy(dst, src, byte_len);
                src += byte_len;
                dst += byte_len;
            }
            if (src_len_modulo) {
                *dst     &= reverse_mask_xor[src_len_modulo];
                *dst |= reverse_mask[src_len_modulo]     & *src;
            }
        } else {
            int             bit_diff_ls,
                            bit_diff_rs;
            int             byte_len;
            int             src_len_modulo;
            unsigned char   c;
            /*
             * Begin: Line things up on destination. 
             */
            if (src_offset_modulo > dst_offset_modulo) {
                bit_diff_ls = src_offset_modulo - dst_offset_modulo;
                bit_diff_rs = CHAR_BIT - bit_diff_ls;

                c = *src++ << bit_diff_ls;
                c |= *src >> bit_diff_rs;
                c     &= reverse_mask_xor[dst_offset_modulo];
            } else {
                bit_diff_rs = dst_offset_modulo - src_offset_modulo;
                bit_diff_ls = CHAR_BIT - bit_diff_rs;

                c = *src >> bit_diff_rs     &
                    reverse_mask_xor[dst_offset_modulo];
            }
            PREPARE_FIRST_COPY();
            *dst++ |= c;

            /*
             * Middle: copy with only shifting the source. 
             */
            byte_len = src_len / CHAR_BIT;

            while (--byte_len >= 0) {
                c = *src++ << bit_diff_ls;
                c |= *src >> bit_diff_rs;
                *dst++ = c;
            }

            /*
             * End: copy the remaing bits; 
             */
            src_len_modulo = src_len % CHAR_BIT;
            if (src_len_modulo) {
                c = *src++ << bit_diff_ls;
                c |= *src >> bit_diff_rs;
                c     &= reverse_mask[src_len_modulo];

                *dst     &= reverse_mask_xor[src_len_modulo];
                *dst |= c;
            }
        }
    }
}

什么是最佳的将取决于目标平台。在某些没有桶形移位器的平台上,将整个向量右移或左移一位n次(n<3)将是最快的方法(在PIC18平台上,一个8x展开字节循环将左移一位每8字节需要11个指令周期)。否则,我喜欢这个模式(注意src2必须初始化,这取决于您想对缓冲区的末尾执行什么操作)

  src1 = *src++;
  src2 = (src1 shl shiftamount1) | (src2 shr shiftamount2);
  *dest++ = src2;
  src2 = *src++;
  src1 = (src2 shl shiftamount1) | (src1 shr shiftamount2);
  *dest++ = src1;

  src0 = *src++;
  src1 = *src++;
  src2 = *src++;
  src3 = *src++;
  tmp  = src0;
  src0 = src0 shr shiftamount1
  src0 = src0 | src1 shl shiftamount2
  src1 = src1 shr shiftamount1
  src1 = src1 | src2 shl shiftamount2
  src2 = src2 shr shiftamount1
  src2 = src2 | src3 shl shiftamount2
  src3 = src3 shr shiftamount1
  src3 = src3 | tmp shl shiftamount2
  *dest++ = src0;
  *dest++ = src1;
  *dest++ = src2;
  *dest++ = src3;

每旋转16字节11条指令。