ctypes
(
[Python 3]: ctypes - A foreign function library for Python
)意味着能够“与人交谈”
从…起
python
,这就是
python
没有指针,内存地址。。。不管怎样
@编辑0
:更新答案以更好地适应(澄清)问题。
例子:
>>> import ctypes
>>> s0 = ctypes.c_char_p(b"Some dummy text")
>>> s0, type(s0)
(c_char_p(2180506798080), <class 'ctypes.c_char_p'>)
>>> s0.value, "0x{:016X}".format(ctypes.addressof(s0))
(b'Some dummy text', '0x000001FBB021CF90')
>>>
>>> class Stru0(ctypes.Structure):
... _fields_ = [("s", ctypes.c_char_p)]
...
>>> stru0 = Stru0(s0)
>>> type(stru0)
<class '__main__.Stru0'>
>>> "0x{:016X}".format(ctypes.addressof(stru0))
'0x000001FBB050E310'
>>> stru0.s, type(stru0.s)
(b'Dummy text', <class 'bytes'>)
>>>
>>>
>>> b = b"Other dummy text"
>>> char_p = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)
>>> s1 = ctypes.cast((ctypes.c_char * len(b))(*b), char_p)
>>> s1, type(s1)
(<ctypes.LP_c_char object at 0x000001FBB050E348>, <class 'ctypes.LP_c_char'>)
>>> s1.contents, "0x{:016X}".format(ctypes.addressof(s1))
(c_char(b'O'), '0x000001FBB050E390')
>>>
>>> class Stru1(ctypes.Structure):
... _fields_ = [("s", ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
...
>>> stru1 = Stru1(s1)
>>> type(stru1)
<class '__main__.Stru1'>
>>> "0x{:016X}".format(ctypes.addressof(stru1))
'0x000001FBB050E810'
>>> stru1.s, type(stru1.s)
(<ctypes.LP_c_char object at 0x000001FBB050E6C8>, <class 'ctypes.LP_c_char'>)
>>> "0x{:016X}".format(ctypes.addressof(stru1.s))
'0x000001FBB050E810'
这是理论上相同的两种类型之间的平行关系:
-
ctypes.c_char_p
s0
已自动转换为
. 这是有道理的,因为它是
python
,这里不需要使用指针;另外,必须将每个成员从
ctypes
python
(和viceversa),每次使用它时。
-
ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)
(命名为
查鲁普
):这更接近于
,并提供您所需的功能,但正如所见,它也更难(从
python
问题是
ctypes.c_void_p
类似于
#1.
,所以没有
OOTB
功能满足您的需求,而且没有
ctypes.c_void
配合
#2.
. 但是,
是
C
)规则是:
AddressOf(Structure.Member)=AddressOf(Structure)+OffsetOf(Structure,Member)
(
当心
属于
内存对齐
对于这个特殊的案例,事情再简单不过了。下面是一个例子:
:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#if defined(_WIN32)
# define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else
# define DLL_EXPORT
#endif
#define PRINT_MSG_2SX(ARG0, ARG1) printf("From C - [%s] (%d) - [%s]: ARG0: [%s], ARG1: 0x%016llX\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__, ARG0, (unsigned long long)ARG1)
static float f = 1.618033;
typedef struct Effect {
void *ptr;
} Effect;
DLL_EXPORT void test(Effect *pEffect, int null) {
PRINT_MSG_2SX("pEffect", pEffect);
PRINT_MSG_2SX("pEffect->ptr", pEffect->ptr);
PRINT_MSG_2SX("&pEffect->ptr", &pEffect->ptr);
pEffect->ptr = !null ? NULL : &f;
PRINT_MSG_2SX("new pEffect->ptr", pEffect->ptr);
}
:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
from ctypes import CDLL, POINTER, \
Structure, \
c_int, c_void_p, \
addressof, pointer
DLL = "./dll.dll"
class Effect(Structure):
_fields_ = [("ptr", c_void_p)]
def hex64_str(item):
return "0x{:016X}".format(item)
def print_addr(ctypes_inst, inst_name, heading=""):
print("{:s}{:s} addr: {:s} (type: {:})".format(heading, "{:s}".format(inst_name) if inst_name else "", hex64_str(addressof(ctypes_inst)), type(ctypes_inst)))
def main():
dll_dll = CDLL(DLL)
test_func = dll_dll.test
test_func.argtypes = [POINTER(Effect), c_int]
effect = Effect()
print_addr(effect, "effect")
test_func(pointer(effect), 1)
print(effect.ptr, type(effect.ptr)) # Not helping, it's Python int for c_void_p
try:
print_addr(effect.ptr, "effect.ptr")
except:
print("effect.ptr: - wrong type")
print_addr(effect, "effect", "\nSecond time...\n ")
print("Python addrs (irrelevant): effect: {:s}, effect.ptr: {:s}".format(hex64_str(id(effect)), hex64_str(id(effect.ptr))))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform))
main()
输出
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q053531795>call "c:\Install\x86\Microsoft\Visual Studio Community\2015\vc\vcvarsall.bat" x64
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q053531795>dir /b
code.py
dll.c
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q053531795>cl /nologo /DDLL /MD dll.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll.dll
dll.c
Creating library dll.lib and object dll.exp
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q053531795>dir /b
code.py
dll.c
dll.dll
dll.exp
dll.lib
dll.obj
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q053531795>"e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py35x64_test\Scripts\python.exe" code.py
Python 3.5.4 (v3.5.4:3f56838, Aug 8 2017, 02:17:05) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
effect addr: 0x000001FB25B8CB10 (type: <class '__main__.Effect'>)
From C - [dll.c] (21) - [test]: ARG0: [pEffect], ARG1: 0x000001FB25B8CB10
From C - [dll.c] (22) - [test]: ARG0: [pEffect->ptr], ARG1: 0x0000000000000000
From C - [dll.c] (23) - [test]: ARG0: [&pEffect->ptr], ARG1: 0x000001FB25B8CB10
From C - [dll.c] (25) - [test]: ARG0: [new pEffect->ptr], ARG1: 0x00007FFFAFB13000
140736141012992 <class 'int'>
effect.ptr: - wrong type
Second time...
effect addr: 0x000001FB25B8CB10 (type: <class '__main__.Effect'>)
Python addrs (irrelevant): effect: 0x000001FB25B8CAC8, effect.ptr: 0x000001FB25BCC9F0
如图所示,地址为
影响
与的地址相同
影响
的
. 但同样,这是最简单的可能情况。但是,正如一般解决方案所解释的,它是首选的。然而,这是不可能的,但可以解决:
注
:不要忘记使用一个函数来销毁
取得效果
(避免
内存泄漏
)