https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_66_0/doc/html/stacktrace/getting_started.html#stacktrace.getting_started.how_to_print_current_call_stack
这是迄今为止我看到的最方便的选择,因为它:
助推_堆栈跟踪.cpp
#include <iostream>
#define BOOST_STACKTRACE_USE_ADDR2LINE
#include <boost/stacktrace.hpp>
void my_func_2(void) {
std::cout << boost::stacktrace::stacktrace() << std::endl;
}
void my_func_1(double f) {
(void)f;
my_func_2();
}
void my_func_1(int i) {
(void)i;
my_func_2();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
long long unsigned int n;
if (argc > 1) {
n = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
} else {
n = 1;
}
for (long long unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
my_func_1(1); // line 28
my_func_1(2.0); // line 29
}
}
不幸的是,这似乎是一个更新的添加,和包
libboost-stacktrace-dev
在Ubuntu 16.04中不存在,只有18.04:
sudo apt-get install libboost-stacktrace-dev
g++ -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O0 -no-pie -o boost_stacktrace.out -std=c++11 \
-Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors boost_stacktrace.cpp -ldl
./boost_stacktrace.out
-ldl
否则编译失败。
输出:
0# boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::basic_stacktrace() at /usr/include/boost/stacktrace/stacktrace.hpp:129
1# my_func_1(int) at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:18
2# main at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:29 (discriminator 2)
3# __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
4# _start in ./boost_stacktrace.out
0# boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::basic_stacktrace() at /usr/include/boost/stacktrace/stacktrace.hpp:129
1# my_func_1(double) at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:13
2# main at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:27 (discriminator 2)
3# __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
4# _start in ./boost_stacktrace.out
在下面的“glibc backtrace”部分中对输出和进行了进一步的解释,这是类似的。
注意如何
my_func_1(int)
和
my_func_1(float)
,
which are mangled due to function overload
对我们的要求很高。
注意第一个
int
呼叫被一行关闭(28而不是27,第二行被两行关闭(27而不是29)。是的
suggested in the comments
这是因为正在考虑以下指令地址,这使得27变为28,29跳出循环变为27。
-O3
,输出完全被截断:
0# boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::size() const at /usr/include/boost/stacktrace/stacktrace.hpp:215
1# my_func_1(double) at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:12
2# __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
3# _start in ./boost_stacktrace.out
0# boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::size() const at /usr/include/boost/stacktrace/stacktrace.hpp:215
1# main at /home/ciro/test/boost_stacktrace.cpp:31
2# __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
3# _start in ./boost_stacktrace.out
What is tail call optimization?
基准运行
:
time ./boost_stacktrace.out 1000 >/dev/null
输出:
real 0m43.573s
user 0m30.799s
sys 0m13.665s
所以正如所料,我们看到这个方法对于外部调用
,只有在打了有限数量的电话时才可行。
每次回溯打印似乎需要数百毫秒,因此请注意,如果回溯经常发生,程序性能将受到严重影响。
在Ubuntu19.10,GCC9.2.1,Boost1.67.0上测试。
backtrace
https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Backtraces.html
主c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Paste this on the file you want to debug. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
void print_trace(void) {
char **strings;
size_t i, size;
enum Constexpr { MAX_SIZE = 1024 };
void *array[MAX_SIZE];
size = backtrace(array, MAX_SIZE);
strings = backtrace_symbols(array, size);
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
printf("%s\n", strings[i]);
puts("");
free(strings);
}
void my_func_3(void) {
print_trace();
}
void my_func_2(void) {
my_func_3();
}
void my_func_1(void) {
my_func_3();
}
int main(void) {
my_func_1(); /* line 33 */
my_func_2(); /* line 34 */
return 0;
}
编译:
gcc -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O3 -no-pie -o main.out -rdynamic -std=c99 \
-Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.c
-rdynamic
是必需的密钥选项。
运行:
./main.out
输出:
./main.out(print_trace+0x2d) [0x400a3d]
./main.out(main+0x9) [0x4008f9]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f35a5aad830]
./main.out(_start+0x29) [0x400939]
./main.out(print_trace+0x2d) [0x400a3d]
./main.out(main+0xe) [0x4008fe]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f35a5aad830]
./main.out(_start+0x29) [0x400939]
addr2line -e main.out 0x4008f9 0x4008fe
我们得到:
/home/ciro/main.c:21
/home/ciro/main.c:36
完全关闭了。
如果我们也这么做
-O0
相反,
./main.out
提供正确的完整跟踪:
./main.out(print_trace+0x2e) [0x4009a4]
./main.out(my_func_3+0x9) [0x400a50]
./main.out(my_func_1+0x9) [0x400a68]
./main.out(main+0x9) [0x400a74]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f4711677830]
./main.out(_start+0x29) [0x4008a9]
./main.out(print_trace+0x2e) [0x4009a4]
./main.out(my_func_3+0x9) [0x400a50]
./main.out(my_func_2+0x9) [0x400a5c]
./main.out(main+0xe) [0x400a79]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f4711677830]
./main.out(_start+0x29) [0x4008a9]
然后:
addr2line -e main.out 0x400a74 0x400a79
给予:
/home/cirsan01/test/main.c:34
/home/cirsan01/test/main.c:35
-O0号
. 通过优化,原始的回溯在编译后的代码中得到了根本性的修改。
我找不到一个简单的方法来自动地把C++符号用这个方法去破解,这里有一些黑客:
在Ubuntu 16.04,GCC 6.4.0,libc 2.23上测试。
浮华
backtrace_symbols_fd
这个助手比
backtrace_symbols
,并产生基本相同的输出:
/* Paste this on the file you want to debug. */
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void print_trace(void) {
size_t i, size;
enum Constexpr { MAX_SIZE = 1024 };
void *array[MAX_SIZE];
size = backtrace(array, MAX_SIZE);
backtrace_symbols_fd(array, size, STDOUT_FILENO);
puts("");
}
在Ubuntu 16.04,GCC 6.4.0,libc 2.23上测试。
浮华
带有C++的1分叉破解:
-export-dynamic
+
dladdr
https://gist.github.com/fmela/591333/c64f4eb86037bb237862a8283df70cdfc25f01d3
这是一个“黑客”,因为它需要用
-导出动态
.
#include <dlfcn.h> // for dladdr
#include <cxxabi.h> // for __cxa_demangle
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
// This function produces a stack backtrace with demangled function & method names.
std::string backtrace(int skip = 1)
{
void *callstack[128];
const int nMaxFrames = sizeof(callstack) / sizeof(callstack[0]);
char buf[1024];
int nFrames = backtrace(callstack, nMaxFrames);
char **symbols = backtrace_symbols(callstack, nFrames);
std::ostringstream trace_buf;
for (int i = skip; i < nFrames; i++) {
Dl_info info;
if (dladdr(callstack[i], &info)) {
char *demangled = NULL;
int status;
demangled = abi::__cxa_demangle(info.dli_sname, NULL, 0, &status);
std::snprintf(
buf,
sizeof(buf),
"%-3d %*p %s + %zd\n",
i,
(int)(2 + sizeof(void*) * 2),
callstack[i],
status == 0 ? demangled : info.dli_sname,
(char *)callstack[i] - (char *)info.dli_saddr
);
free(demangled);
} else {
std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%-3d %*p\n",
i, (int)(2 + sizeof(void*) * 2), callstack[i]);
}
trace_buf << buf;
std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s\n", symbols[i]);
trace_buf << buf;
}
free(symbols);
if (nFrames == nMaxFrames)
trace_buf << "[truncated]\n";
return trace_buf.str();
}
void my_func_2(void) {
std::cout << backtrace() << std::endl;
}
void my_func_1(double f) {
(void)f;
my_func_2();
}
void my_func_1(int i) {
(void)i;
my_func_2();
}
int main() {
my_func_1(1);
my_func_1(2.0);
}
编译并运行:
g++ -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O0 -no-pie -o glibc_ldl.out -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra \
-pedantic-errors -fpic glibc_ldl.cpp -export-dynamic -ldl
./glibc_ldl.out
输出:
1 0x40130a my_func_2() + 41
./glibc_ldl.out(_Z9my_func_2v+0x29) [0x40130a]
2 0x40139e my_func_1(int) + 16
./glibc_ldl.out(_Z9my_func_1i+0x10) [0x40139e]
3 0x4013b3 main + 18
./glibc_ldl.out(main+0x12) [0x4013b3]
4 0x7f7594552b97 __libc_start_main + 231
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0x7f7594552b97]
5 0x400f3a _start + 42
./glibc_ldl.out(_start+0x2a) [0x400f3a]
1 0x40130a my_func_2() + 41
./glibc_ldl.out(_Z9my_func_2v+0x29) [0x40130a]
2 0x40138b my_func_1(double) + 18
./glibc_ldl.out(_Z9my_func_1d+0x12) [0x40138b]
3 0x4013c8 main + 39
./glibc_ldl.out(main+0x27) [0x4013c8]
4 0x7f7594552b97 __libc_start_main + 231
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7) [0x7f7594552b97]
5 0x400f3a _start + 42
./glibc_ldl.out(_start+0x2a) [0x400f3a]
浮华
用C++解散黑客2:解析回溯输出
显示于:
https://panthema.net/2008/0901-stacktrace-demangled网站/
自由放纵
代码改编自:
https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2015/programmatic-access-to-the-call-stack-in-c/
主c
/* This must be on top. */
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Paste this on the file you want to debug. */
#define UNW_LOCAL_ONLY
#include <libunwind.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void print_trace() {
char sym[256];
unw_context_t context;
unw_cursor_t cursor;
unw_getcontext(&context);
unw_init_local(&cursor, &context);
while (unw_step(&cursor) > 0) {
unw_word_t offset, pc;
unw_get_reg(&cursor, UNW_REG_IP, &pc);
if (pc == 0) {
break;
}
printf("0x%lx:", pc);
if (unw_get_proc_name(&cursor, sym, sizeof(sym), &offset) == 0) {
printf(" (%s+0x%lx)\n", sym, offset);
} else {
printf(" -- error: unable to obtain symbol name for this frame\n");
}
}
puts("");
}
void my_func_3(void) {
print_trace();
}
void my_func_2(void) {
my_func_3();
}
void my_func_1(void) {
my_func_3();
}
int main(void) {
my_func_1(); /* line 46 */
my_func_2(); /* line 47 */
return 0;
}
编译并运行:
sudo apt-get install libunwind-dev
gcc -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O3 -no-pie -o main.out -std=c99 \
-Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.c -lunwind
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
必须在上面,否则我们必须使用
-std=gnu99
:
运行:
./主输出
输出:
0x4007db: (main+0xb)
0x7f4ff50aa830: (__libc_start_main+0xf0)
0x400819: (_start+0x29)
0x4007e2: (main+0x12)
0x7f4ff50aa830: (__libc_start_main+0xf0)
0x400819: (_start+0x29)
以及:
addr2line -e main.out 0x4007db 0x4007e2
给予:
/home/ciro/main.c:34
/home/ciro/main.c:49
与
:
0x4009cf: (my_func_3+0xe)
0x4009e7: (my_func_1+0x9)
0x4009f3: (main+0x9)
0x7f7b84ad7830: (__libc_start_main+0xf0)
0x4007d9: (_start+0x29)
0x4009cf: (my_func_3+0xe)
0x4009db: (my_func_2+0x9)
0x4009f8: (main+0xe)
0x7f7b84ad7830: (__libc_start_main+0xf0)
0x4007d9: (_start+0x29)
addr2line -e main.out 0x4009f3 0x4009f8
/home/ciro/main.c:47
/home/ciro/main.c:48
用C++名字命名的LyBunWrand
https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2015/programmic-access-to-the-call-stack-in-c/
展开.cpp
#define UNW_LOCAL_ONLY
#include <cxxabi.h>
#include <libunwind.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
void backtrace() {
unw_cursor_t cursor;
unw_context_t context;
// Initialize cursor to current frame for local unwinding.
unw_getcontext(&context);
unw_init_local(&cursor, &context);
// Unwind frames one by one, going up the frame stack.
while (unw_step(&cursor) > 0) {
unw_word_t offset, pc;
unw_get_reg(&cursor, UNW_REG_IP, &pc);
if (pc == 0) {
break;
}
std::printf("0x%lx:", pc);
char sym[256];
if (unw_get_proc_name(&cursor, sym, sizeof(sym), &offset) == 0) {
char* nameptr = sym;
int status;
char* demangled = abi::__cxa_demangle(sym, nullptr, nullptr, &status);
if (status == 0) {
nameptr = demangled;
}
std::printf(" (%s+0x%lx)\n", nameptr, offset);
std::free(demangled);
} else {
std::printf(" -- error: unable to obtain symbol name for this frame\n");
}
}
}
void my_func_2(void) {
backtrace();
std::cout << std::endl; // line 43
}
void my_func_1(double f) {
(void)f;
my_func_2();
}
void my_func_1(int i) {
(void)i;
my_func_2();
} // line 54
int main() {
my_func_1(1);
my_func_1(2.0);
}
sudo apt-get install libunwind-dev
g++ -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O0 -no-pie -o unwind.out -std=c++11 \
-Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors unwind.cpp -lunwind -pthread
./unwind.out
输出:
0x400c80: (my_func_2()+0x9)
0x400cb7: (my_func_1(int)+0x10)
0x400ccc: (main+0x12)
0x7f4c68926b97: (__libc_start_main+0xe7)
0x400a3a: (_start+0x2a)
0x400c80: (my_func_2()+0x9)
0x400ca4: (my_func_1(double)+0x12)
0x400ce1: (main+0x27)
0x7f4c68926b97: (__libc_start_main+0xe7)
0x400a3a: (_start+0x2a)
my_func_2
和
我的函数1(int)
使用:
addr2line -e unwind.out 0x400c80 0x400cb7
/home/ciro/test/unwind.cpp:43
/home/ciro/test/unwind.cpp:54
托多:为什么一条线断了?
GDB自动化
我们也可以在不重新编译的情况下使用GDB,方法是:
How to do an specific action when a certain breakpoint is hit in GDB?
compile code
How to call assembly in gdb?
主.cpp
void my_func_2(void) {}
void my_func_1(double f) {
my_func_2();
}
void my_func_1(int i) {
my_func_2();
}
int main() {
my_func_1(1);
my_func_1(2.0);
}
主gdb
start
break my_func_2
commands
silent
backtrace
printf "\n"
continue
end
continue
编译并运行:
g++ -ggdb3 -o main.out main.cpp
gdb -nh -batch -x main.gdb main.out
输出:
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x1158: file main.cpp, line 12.
Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at main.cpp:12
12 my_func_1(1);
Breakpoint 2 at 0x555555555129: file main.cpp, line 1.
#0 my_func_2 () at main.cpp:1
#1 0x0000555555555151 in my_func_1 (i=1) at main.cpp:8
#2 0x0000555555555162 in main () at main.cpp:12
#0 my_func_2 () at main.cpp:1
#1 0x000055555555513e in my_func_1 (f=2) at main.cpp:4
#2 0x000055555555516f in main () at main.cpp:13
[Inferior 1 (process 14193) exited normally]
-ex
从命令行创建
main.gdb
但我没能得到
commands
在那里工作。
Linux内核
How to print the current thread stack trace inside the Linux kernel?
libdwfl语言
https://stackoverflow.com/a/60713161/895245
这也许是最好的方法,但我需要更多的基准测试,但请去投票的答案。
托多:我试着把答案中的代码最小化,这个答案是有效的,变成一个函数,但它是分段的,如果有人能找到原因,请告诉我。
dwfl.cpp公司
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <cxxabi.h> // __cxa_demangle
#include <elfutils/libdwfl.h> // Dwfl*
#include <execinfo.h> // backtrace
#include <unistd.h> // getpid
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/281818/unmangling-the-result-of-stdtype-infoname
std::string demangle(const char* name) {
int status = -4;
std::unique_ptr<char, void(*)(void*)> res {
abi::__cxa_demangle(name, NULL, NULL, &status),
std::free
};
return (status==0) ? res.get() : name ;
}
std::string debug_info(Dwfl* dwfl, void* ip) {
std::string function;
int line = -1;
char const* file;
uintptr_t ip2 = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ip);
Dwfl_Module* module = dwfl_addrmodule(dwfl, ip2);
char const* name = dwfl_module_addrname(module, ip2);
function = name ? demangle(name) : "<unknown>";
if (Dwfl_Line* dwfl_line = dwfl_module_getsrc(module, ip2)) {
Dwarf_Addr addr;
file = dwfl_lineinfo(dwfl_line, &addr, &line, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
}
std::stringstream ss;
ss << ip << ' ' << function;
if (file)
ss << " at " << file << ':' << line;
ss << std::endl;
return ss.str();
}
std::string stacktrace() {
// Initialize Dwfl.
Dwfl* dwfl = nullptr;
{
Dwfl_Callbacks callbacks = {};
char* debuginfo_path = nullptr;
callbacks.find_elf = dwfl_linux_proc_find_elf;
callbacks.find_debuginfo = dwfl_standard_find_debuginfo;
callbacks.debuginfo_path = &debuginfo_path;
dwfl = dwfl_begin(&callbacks);
assert(dwfl);
int r;
r = dwfl_linux_proc_report(dwfl, getpid());
assert(!r);
r = dwfl_report_end(dwfl, nullptr, nullptr);
assert(!r);
static_cast<void>(r);
}
// Loop over stack frames.
std::stringstream ss;
{
void* stack[512];
int stack_size = ::backtrace(stack, sizeof stack / sizeof *stack);
for (int i = 0; i < stack_size; ++i) {
ss << i << ": ";
// Works.
ss << debug_info(dwfl, stack[i]);
#if 0
// TODO intended to do the same as above, but segfaults,
// so possibly UB In above function that does not blow up by chance?
void *ip = stack[i];
std::string function;
int line = -1;
char const* file;
uintptr_t ip2 = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ip);
Dwfl_Module* module = dwfl_addrmodule(dwfl, ip2);
char const* name = dwfl_module_addrname(module, ip2);
function = name ? demangle(name) : "<unknown>";
// TODO if I comment out this line it does not blow up anymore.
if (Dwfl_Line* dwfl_line = dwfl_module_getsrc(module, ip2)) {
Dwarf_Addr addr;
file = dwfl_lineinfo(dwfl_line, &addr, &line, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
}
ss << ip << ' ' << function;
if (file)
ss << " at " << file << ':' << line;
ss << std::endl;
#endif
}
}
dwfl_end(dwfl);
return ss.str();
}
void my_func_2() {
std::cout << stacktrace() << std::endl;
std::cout.flush();
}
void my_func_1(double f) {
(void)f;
my_func_2();
}
void my_func_1(int i) {
(void)i;
my_func_2();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
long long unsigned int n;
if (argc > 1) {
n = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
} else {
n = 1;
}
for (long long unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
my_func_1(1);
my_func_1(2.0);
}
}
sudo apt install libdw-dev
g++ -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O0 -no-pie -o dwfl.out -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors dwfl.cpp -ldw
./dwfl.out
输出:
0: 0x402b74 stacktrace[abi:cxx11]() at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:65
1: 0x402ce0 my_func_2() at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:100
2: 0x402d7d my_func_1(int) at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:112
3: 0x402de0 main at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:123
4: 0x7f7efabbe1e3 __libc_start_main at ../csu/libc-start.c:342
5: 0x40253e _start at ../csu/libc-start.c:-1
0: 0x402b74 stacktrace[abi:cxx11]() at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:65
1: 0x402ce0 my_func_2() at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:100
2: 0x402d66 my_func_1(double) at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:107
3: 0x402df1 main at /home/ciro/test/dwfl.cpp:121
4: 0x7f7efabbe1e3 __libc_start_main at ../csu/libc-start.c:342
5: 0x40253e _start at ../csu/libc-start.c:-1
基准运行:
g++ -fno-pie -ggdb3 -O3 -no-pie -o dwfl.out -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors dwfl.cpp -ldw
time ./dwfl.out 1000 >/dev/null
real 0m3.751s
user 0m2.822s
sys 0m0.928s
因此,我们看到这个方法比Boost的stacktrace快10倍,因此可能适用于更多的用例。
在Ubuntu19.10amd64中测试,libdw dev 0.176-1.1。
另见
