在shell提示下获取用户输入的最简单和最广泛可用的方法是 read 命令。说明其用途的最佳方法是简单演示:

while true; do
    read -p "Do you wish to install this program?" yn
    case $yn in
        [Yy]* ) make install; break;;
        [Nn]* ) exit;;
        * ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
    esac
done

史蒂文·赫维格指出的另一种方法是巴什的 select 命令。下面是使用 选择 :

echo "Do you wish to install this program?"
select yn in "Yes" "No"; do
    case $yn in
        Yes ) make install; break;;
        No ) exit;;
    esac
done

用 选择 您不需要清理输入–它会显示可用的选项,并键入与您的选择相对应的数字。它也会自动循环,因此不需要 while true 循环以在提供无效输入时重试。

另外,请查看 excellent answer F. Hauri。

一个普通问题至少有五个答案。

取决于

• posix 兼容:可以在通用的差系统上工作 shell 环境
• bash 特定:使用所谓的 巴什教

如果你想要

• 简单的“在线”问题/答案(通用解决方案)
• 格式很好的接口,比如 ncurses 或使用libgtk或libqt进行更多图形化…
• 使用强大的阅读线历史记录功能

1。POSIX通用解决方案

你可以用 read 命令,后跟 if ... then ... else :

echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
read answer

# if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then

if [ "$answer" != "${answer#[Yy]}" ] ;then
    echo Yes
else
    echo No
fi

echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo ; answer=$(head -c 1) ; stty $old_stty_cfg # Careful playing with stty
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
    echo Yes
else
    echo No
fi

#/bin/sh
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo
answer=$( while ! head -c 1 | grep -i '[ny]' ;do true ;done )
stty $old_stty_cfg
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
    echo Yes
else
    echo No
fi

if whiptail --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 ;then
    echo Yes
else
    echo No
fi

dialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes

gdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes

kdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes

DIALOG=whiptail
if [ -x /usr/bin/gdialog ] ;then DIALOG=gdialog ; fi
if [ -x /usr/bin/xdialog ] ;then DIALOG=xdialog ; fi
...
$DIALOG --yesno ...

read -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
case ${answer:0:1} in
    y|Y )
        echo Yes
    ;;
    * )
        echo No
    ;;
esac

read -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer

read -t 3 -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
[ -z "$answer" ] && answer="Yes"  # if 'yes' have to be default choice

dialog --menu "Is this a good question" 20 60 12 y Yes n No m Maybe

dialog --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0 < <(
    for i in {1..100};do
        printf "XXX\n%d\n%(%a %b %T)T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i -1 $i
        sleep .033
    done
) 

#!/bin/sh
while true ;do
    [ -x "$(which ${DIALOG%% *})" ] || DIALOG=dialog
    DIALOG=$($DIALOG --menu "Which tool for next run?" 20 60 12 2>&1 \
            whiptail       "dialog boxes from shell scripts" >/dev/tty \
            dialog         "dialog boxes from shell with ncurses" \
            gdialog        "dialog boxes from shell with Gtk" \
            kdialog        "dialog boxes from shell with Kde" ) || exit
    clear;echo "Choosed: $DIALOG."
    for i in `seq 1 100`;do
        date +"`printf "XXX\n%d\n%%a %%b %%T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i $i`"
        sleep .0125
      done | $DIALOG --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0
    $DIALOG --infobox "This is a simple info box\n\nNo action required" 20 60
    sleep 3
    if $DIALOG --yesno  "Do you like this demo?" 20 60 ;then
        AnsYesNo=Yes; else AnsYesNo=No; fi
    AnsInput=$($DIALOG --inputbox "A text:" 20 60 "Text here..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
    AnsPass=$($DIALOG --passwordbox "A secret:" 20 60 "First..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
    $DIALOG --textbox /etc/motd 20 60
    AnsCkLst=$($DIALOG --checklist "Check some..." 20 60 12 \
        Correct "This demo is useful"        off \
        Fun        "This demo is nice"        off \
        Strong        "This demo is complex"        on 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
    AnsRadio=$($DIALOG --radiolist "I will:" 20 60 12 \
        " -1" "Downgrade this answer"        off \
        "  0" "Not do anything"                on \
        " +1" "Upgrade this anser"        off 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
    out="Your answers:\nLike: $AnsYesNo\nInput: $AnsInput\nSecret: $AnsPass"
    $DIALOG --msgbox "$out\nAttribs: $AnsCkLst\nNote: $AnsRadio" 20 60
  done

#!/bin/bash

set -i
HISTFILE=~/.myscript.history
history -c
history -r

myread() {
    read -e -p '> ' $1
    history -s ${!1}
}
trap 'history -a;exit' 0 1 2 3 6

while myread line;do
    case ${line%% *} in
        exit )  break ;;
        *    )  echo "Doing something with '$line'" ;;
      esac
  done

echo "Please enter some input: "
read input_variable
echo "You entered: $input_variable"

您可以使用内置的 read 命令;使用 -p 向用户提示问题的选项。

从bash4开始,现在可以使用 -i 为了给出答案,用户只需按 return 进入:

read -e -p "Enter the path to the file: " -i "/usr/local/etc/" FILEPATH
echo $FILEPATH

(但记住使用“readline”选项 -e 允许使用箭头键进行行编辑)

如果需要“是/否”逻辑,可以这样做:

read -e -p "
List the content of your home dir ? [Y/n] " YN

[[ $YN == "y" || $YN == "Y" || $YN == "" ]] && ls -la ~/

巴什有 select 为此目的。

select result in Yes No Cancel
do
    echo $result
done

read -p "Are you alright? (y/n) " RESP
if [ "$RESP" = "y" ]; then
  echo "Glad to hear it"
else
  echo "You need more bash programming"
fi

以下是我整理的:

#!/bin/sh

promptyn () {
    while true; do
        read -p "$1 " yn
        case $yn in
            [Yy]* ) return 0;;
            [Nn]* ) return 1;;
            * ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
        esac
    done
}

if promptyn "is the sky blue?"; then
    echo "yes"
else
    echo "no"
fi

我是个初学者,所以拿着这个加一点盐,但它似乎有效。

inquire ()  {
  echo  -n "$1 [y/n]? "
  read answer
  finish="-1"
  while [ "$finish" = '-1' ]
  do
    finish="1"
    if [ "$answer" = '' ];
    then
      answer=""
    else
      case $answer in
        y | Y | yes | YES ) answer="y";;
        n | N | no | NO ) answer="n";;
        *) finish="-1";
           echo -n 'Invalid response -- please reenter:';
           read answer;;
       esac
    fi
  done
}

... other stuff

inquire "Install now?"

...

你想要:

• bash内置命令(即便携式)
• 检查TTY
• 默认答案
• 超时
• 彩色问题

片断

do_xxxx=y                      # In batch mode => Default is Yes
[[ -t 0 ]] &&                  # If TTY => Prompt the question
read -n 1 -p $'\e[1;32m
Do xxxx? (Y/n)\e[0m ' do_xxxx  # Store the answer in $do_xxxx
if [[ $do_xxxx =~ ^(y|Y|)$ ]]  # Do if 'y' or 'Y' or empty
then
    xxxx
fi

解释

• [[ -t 0 ]] && read ... =>调用命令 read 如果TTY
• read -n 1 =>等待一个字符
• $'\e[1;32m ... \e[0m ' =>打印为绿色
  (绿色很好,因为白色/黑色背景都可读)
• [[ $do_xxxx =~ ^(y|Y|)$ ]] =>bash正则表达式

超时=>默认答案为否

do_xxxx=y
[[ -t 0 ]] && {                   # Timeout 5 seconds (read -t 5)
read -t 5 -n 1 -p $'\e[1;32m
Do xxxx? (Y/n)\e[0m ' do_xxxx ||  # read 'fails' on timeout
do_xxxx=n ; }                     # Timeout => answer No
if [[ $do_xxxx =~ ^(y|Y|)$ ]]
then
    xxxx
fi

用最少的行数实现这一点的最简单方法如下:

read -p "<Your Friendly Message here> : y/n/cancel" CONDITION;

if [ "$CONDITION" == "y" ]; then
   # do something here!
fi

这个 if 只是一个例子:如何处理这个变量取决于您。

此解决方案读取单个字符并在Yes响应上调用函数。

read -p "Are you sure? (y/n) " -n 1
echo
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    do_something      
fi

使用 read 命令:

echo Would you like to install? "(Y or N)"

read x

# now check if $x is "y"
if [ "$x" = "y" ]; then
    # do something here!
fi

然后所有你需要的东西

read -e -p "Enter your choice: " choice

这个 -e 选项允许用户使用箭头键编辑输入。

如果要使用建议作为输入:

read -e -i "yes" -p "Enter your choice: " choice

-i 选项打印提示性输入。

很抱歉在这么旧的帖子上发帖。几周前,我遇到了一个类似的问题,在我的情况下,我需要一个解决方案,它也适用于在线安装程序脚本,例如: curl -Ss https://raw.github.com/_____/installer.sh | bash

使用 read yesno < /dev/tty 对我来说很好:

echo -n "These files will be uploaded. Is this ok? (y/n) "
read yesno < /dev/tty

if [ "x$yesno" = "xy" ];then

   # Yes
else

   # No
fi

希望这能帮助别人。

要获得像inputbox这样的漂亮的ncurse,请使用命令 对话 这样地:

#!/bin/bash
if (dialog --title "Message" --yesno "Want to do something risky?" 6 25)
# message box will have the size 25x6 characters
then 
    echo "Let's do something risky"
    # do something risky
else 
    echo "Let's stay boring"
fi

默认情况下,至少在SUSE Linux上安装对话框包。

仅限单按键

这里有一个较长但可重用的模块化方法:

• 退换商品 0 =是的 1 =没有
• 不需要按Enter键-只需要一个字符
• 可以按 进入 接受默认选项
• 可以禁用默认选项以强制选择
• 为双方工作 zsh 和 bash .

按Enter时默认为“否”

请注意 N 是资本化的。在此按Enter,接受默认值:

$ confirm "Show dangerous command" && echo "rm *"
Show dangerous command [y/N]?

还要注意的是 [y/N]? 已自动附加。 默认的“否”被接受,因此没有任何响应。

重新提示直到给出有效响应:

$ confirm "Show dangerous command" && echo "rm *"
Show dangerous command [y/N]? X
Show dangerous command [y/N]? y
rm *

按Enter时默认为“是”

请注意 Y 资本化:

$ confirm_yes "Show dangerous command" && echo "rm *"
Show dangerous command [Y/n]?
rm *

上面,我刚按下Enter,命令就运行了。

无默认 进入 -要求 y 或 n

$ get_yes_keypress "Here you cannot press enter. Do you like this [y/n]? "
Here you cannot press enter. Do you like this [y/n]? k
Here you cannot press enter. Do you like this [y/n]?
Here you cannot press enter. Do you like this [y/n]? n
$ echo $?
1

在这里, 一 或者返回了false。请注意,使用这个较低级别的功能,您需要提供自己的 [y/n]? 提示。

代码

# Read a single char from /dev/tty, prompting with "$*"
# Note: pressing enter will return a null string. Perhaps a version terminated with X and then remove it in caller?
# See https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/367880/143394 for dealing with multi-byte, etc.
function get_keypress {
  local REPLY IFS=
  >/dev/tty printf '%s' "$*"
  [[ $ZSH_VERSION ]] && read -rk1  # Use -u0 to read from STDIN
  # See https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/383197/143394 regarding '\n' -> ''
  [[ $BASH_VERSION ]] && </dev/tty read -rn1
  printf '%s' "$REPLY"
}

# Get a y/n from the user, return yes=0, no=1 enter=$2
# Prompt using $1.
# If set, return $2 on pressing enter, useful for cancel or defualting
function get_yes_keypress {
  local prompt="${1:-Are you sure [y/n]? }"
  local enter_return=$2
  local REPLY
  # [[ ! $prompt ]] && prompt="[y/n]? "
  while REPLY=$(get_keypress "$prompt"); do
    [[ $REPLY ]] && printf '\n' # $REPLY blank if user presses enter
    case "$REPLY" in
      Y|y)  return 0;;
      N|n)  return 1;;
      '')   [[ $enter_return ]] && return "$enter_return"
    esac
  done
}

# Credit: http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/14444/143394
# Prompt to confirm, defaulting to NO on <enter>
# Usage: confirm "Dangerous. Are you sure?" && rm *
function confirm {
  local prompt="${*:-Are you sure} [y/N]? "
  get_yes_keypress "$prompt" 1
}    

# Prompt to confirm, defaulting to YES on <enter>
function confirm_yes {
  local prompt="${*:-Are you sure} [Y/n]? "
  get_yes_keypress "$prompt" 0
}

多选版本:

ask () {                        # $1=question $2=options
    # set REPLY
    # options: x=..|y=..
    while $(true); do
        printf '%s [%s] ' "$1" "$2"
        stty cbreak
        REPLY=$(dd if=/dev/tty bs=1 count=1 2> /dev/null)
        stty -cbreak
        test "$REPLY" != "$(printf '\n')" && printf '\n'
        (
            IFS='|'
            for o in $2; do
                if [ "$REPLY" = "${o%%=*}" ]; then
                    printf '\n'
                    break
                fi
            done
        ) | grep ^ > /dev/null && return
    done
}

例子:

$ ask 'continue?' 'y=yes|n=no|m=maybe'
continue? [y=yes|n=no|m=maybe] g
continue? [y=yes|n=no|m=maybe] k
continue? [y=yes|n=no|m=maybe] y
$

它将设置 REPLY 到 y (在脚本中)。

受@mark和@myrddin答案的启发,我创建了一个通用提示的函数

uniprompt(){
    while true; do
        echo -e "$1\c"
        read opt
        array=($2)
        case "${array[@]}" in  *"$opt"*) eval "$3=$opt";return 0;; esac
        echo -e "$opt is not a correct value\n"
    done
}

这样使用:

unipromtp "Select an option: (a)-Do one (x)->Do two (f)->Do three : " "a x f" selection
echo "$selection"

我注意到,没有人发布一个答案,显示了这样简单的用户输入的多行回音菜单,所以下面是我的步骤:

#!/bin/bash

function ask_user() {    

echo -e "
#~~~~~~~~~~~~#
| 1.) Yes    |
| 2.) No     |
| 3.) Quit   |
#~~~~~~~~~~~~#\n"

read -e -p "Select 1: " choice

if [ "$choice" == "1" ]; then

    do_something

elif [ "$choice" == "2" ]; then

    do_something_else

elif [ "$choice" == "3" ]; then

    clear && exit 0

else

    echo "Please select 1, 2, or 3." && sleep 3
    clear && ask_user

fi
}

ask_user

这个方法被贴出来,希望有人能发现它有用,节省时间。

我建议你 use dialog …

Linux Apprentice: Improve Bash Shell Scripts Using Dialog

dialog命令允许在shell脚本中使用窗口框,以使它们的使用更加交互式。

它简单易用,还有一个GNOME版本叫做gDialog,它使用完全相同的参数,但在X上显示了它的GUI样式。

一个简单的方法是 xargs -p 或GNU parallel --interactive .

我对此比较喜欢xargs的行为,因为它像其他交互的unix命令一样在提示后立即执行每个命令,而不是收集在末尾运行的yes。(您可以在完成所需的任务后按ctrl-c。)

例如。,

echo *.xml | xargs -p -n 1 -J {} mv {} backup/

更一般的是:

function menu(){
    title="Question time"
    prompt="Select:"
    options=("Yes" "No" "Maybe")
    echo "$title"
    PS3="$prompt"
    select opt in "${options[@]}" "Quit/Cancel"; do
        case "$REPLY" in
            1 ) echo "You picked $opt which is option $REPLY";;
            2 ) echo "You picked $opt which is option $REPLY";;
            3 ) echo "You picked $opt which is option $REPLY";;
            $(( ${#options[@]}+1 )) ) clear; echo "Goodbye!"; exit;;
            *) echo "Invalid option. Try another one.";continue;;
         esac
     done
     return
}

您可以使用默认值 REPLY 在一 read ,转换为小写并与表达式中的一组变量进行比较。
脚本还支持 ja / si / qui

read -rp "Do you want a demo? [y/n/c] "

[[ ${REPLY,,} =~ ^(c|cancel)$ ]] && { echo "Selected Cancel"; exit 1; }

if [[ ${REPLY,,} =~ ^(y|yes|j|ja|s|si|o|oui)$ ]]; then
   echo "Positive"
fi

yn() {
  if [[ 'y' == `read -s -n 1 -p "[y/n]: " Y; echo $Y` ]];
  then eval $1;
  else eval $2;
  fi }
yn 'echo yes' 'echo no'
yn 'echo absent no function works too!'

作为单行命令的朋友,我使用了以下命令:

while [ -z $prompt ]; do read -p "Continue (y/n)?" choice;case "$choice" in y|Y ) prompt=true; break;; n|N ) exit 0;; esac; done; prompt=;

写的很长,它的工作原理如下:

while [ -z $prompt ];
  do read -p "Continue (y/n)?" choice;
  case "$choice" in
    y|Y ) prompt=true; break;;
    n|N ) exit 0;;
  esac;
done;
prompt=;

我已经用过了 case 在这种情况下,多次声明,使用case语句是一种很好的方法。一 while 循环,它将 案例 块,利用布尔条件可以实现,以保持对程序的更多控制,并满足许多其他要求。在所有条件都满足之后,a break 可用于将控制权传递回程序的主要部分。此外,为了满足其他条件,当然可以在控制结构中添加条件语句: 案例 陈述和可能 虽然 循环。

使用的示例 案例 满足您要求的声明

#! /bin/sh 

# For potential users of BSD, or other systems who do not
# have a bash binary located in /bin the script will be directed to
# a bourne-shell, e.g. /bin/sh

# NOTE: It would seem best for handling user entry errors or
# exceptions, to put the decision required by the input 
# of the prompt in a case statement (case control structure), 

echo Would you like us to perform the option: "(Y|N)"

read inPut

case $inPut in
    # echoing a command encapsulated by 
    # backticks (``) executes the command
    "Y") echo `Do something crazy`
    ;;
    # depending on the scenario, execute the other option
    # or leave as default
    "N") echo `execute another option`
    ;;
esac

exit

回应他人:

您不需要在bash4中指定case,只需使用“,,”将var变为小写。另外,我非常不喜欢把代码放在读取块内,得到结果并在读取块IMO之外处理它。还包括退出IMO的“q”。最后,为什么键入“yes”只使用-n1并按下y。

示例:用户可以按Y/N和Q退出。

ans=''
while true; do
    read -p "So is MikeQ the greatest or what (y/n/q) ?" -n1 ans
    case ${ans,,} in
        y|n|q) break;;
        *) echo "Answer y for yes / n for no  or q for quit.";;
    esac
done

echo -e "\nAnswer = $ans"

if [[ "${ans,,}" == "q" ]] ; then
        echo "OK Quitting, we will assume that he is"
        exit 0
fi

if [[ "${ans,,}" == "y" ]] ; then
        echo "MikeQ is the greatest!!"
else
        echo "No? MikeQ is not the greatest?"
fi

是/否/取消

功能

#!/usr/bin/env bash
@confirm() {
  local message="$*"
  local result=''

  echo -n "> $message (Yes/No/Cancel) " >&2

  while [ -z "$result" ] ; do
    read -s -n 1 choice
    case "$choice" in
      y|Y ) result='Y' ;;
      n|N ) result='N' ;;
      c|C ) result='C' ;;
    esac
  done

  echo $result
}

用法

case $(@confirm 'Confirm?') in
  Y ) echo "Yes" ;;
  N ) echo "No" ;;
  C ) echo "Cancel" ;;
esac

用干净的用户输入确认

功能

#!/usr/bin/env bash
@confirm() {
  local message="$*"
  local result=3

  echo -n "> $message (y/n) " >&2

  while [[ $result -gt 1 ]] ; do
    read -s -n 1 choice
    case "$choice" in
      y|Y ) result=0 ;;
      n|N ) result=1 ;;
    esac
  done

  return $result
}

用法

if @confirm 'Confirm?' ; then
  echo "Yes"
else
  echo "No"
fi