没有OrderedDictionary的通用实现?

你说得对。没有通用的 OrderedDictionary 在框架本身。

(据我所知,.NET4也是如此。)

vote for it at Visual Studio's UserVoice (2016-10-04)!

实现泛型 OrderedDictionary 这不是很难,但它是不必要的时间消耗和坦率地说,这个类是微软的一个巨大的疏忽。有多种实现方法,但我选择使用 KeyedCollection 我的内部存储。我还选择了实现各种方法来排序 List<T> 因为这本质上是一个混合的IList和IDictionary。我在这里为子孙后代提供了我的实现。

System.Collections.Specialized.IOrderedDictionary ,这是由Microsoft提供的此接口的非通用版本。

// http://unlicense.org
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;

namespace mattmc3.Common.Collections.Generic {

    public interface IOrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, IOrderedDictionary {
        new TValue this[int index] { get; set; }
        new TValue this[TKey key] { get; set; }
        new int Count { get; }
        new ICollection<TKey> Keys { get; }
        new ICollection<TValue> Values { get; }
        new void Add(TKey key, TValue value);
        new void Clear();
        void Insert(int index, TKey key, TValue value);
        int IndexOf(TKey key);
        bool ContainsValue(TValue value);
        bool ContainsValue(TValue value, IEqualityComparer<TValue> comparer);
        new bool ContainsKey(TKey key);
        new IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator();
        new bool Remove(TKey key);
        new void RemoveAt(int index);
        new bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value);
        TValue GetValue(TKey key);
        void SetValue(TKey key, TValue value);
        KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> GetItem(int index);
        void SetItem(int index, TValue value);
    }

}

// http://unlicense.org
using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace mattmc3.Common.Collections.Generic {

    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary object that allows rapid hash lookups using keys, but also
    /// maintains the key insertion order so that values can be retrieved by
    /// key index.
    /// </summary>
    public class OrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IOrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> {

        #region Fields/Properties

        private KeyedCollection2<TKey, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> _keyedCollection;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the value associated with the specified key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key">The key associated with the value to get or set.</param>
        public TValue this[TKey key] {
            get {
                return GetValue(key);
            }
            set {
                SetValue(key, value);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the value at the specified index.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the value to get or set.</param>
        public TValue this[int index] {
            get {
                return GetItem(index).Value;
            }
            set {
                SetItem(index, value);
            }
        }

        public int Count {
            get { return _keyedCollection.Count; }
        }

        public ICollection<TKey> Keys {
            get {
                return _keyedCollection.Select(x => x.Key).ToList();
            }
        }

        public ICollection<TValue> Values {
            get {
                return _keyedCollection.Select(x => x.Value).ToList();
            }
        }

        public IEqualityComparer<TKey> Comparer {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Constructors

        public OrderedDictionary() {
            Initialize();
        }

        public OrderedDictionary(IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) {
            Initialize(comparer);
        }

        public OrderedDictionary(IOrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary) {
            Initialize();
            foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair in dictionary) {
                _keyedCollection.Add(pair);
            }
        }

        public OrderedDictionary(IOrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) {
            Initialize(comparer);
            foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair in dictionary) {
                _keyedCollection.Add(pair);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Methods

        private void Initialize(IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer = null) {
            this.Comparer = comparer;
            if (comparer != null) {
                _keyedCollection = new KeyedCollection2<TKey, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>(x => x.Key, comparer);
            }
            else {
                _keyedCollection = new KeyedCollection2<TKey, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>(x => x.Key);
            }
        }

        public void Add(TKey key, TValue value) {
            _keyedCollection.Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value));
        }

        public void Clear() {
            _keyedCollection.Clear();
        }

        public void Insert(int index, TKey key, TValue value) {
            _keyedCollection.Insert(index, new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value));
        }

        public int IndexOf(TKey key) {
            if (_keyedCollection.Contains(key)) {
                return _keyedCollection.IndexOf(_keyedCollection[key]);
            }
            else {
                return -1;
            }
        }

        public bool ContainsValue(TValue value) {
            return this.Values.Contains(value);
        }

        public bool ContainsValue(TValue value, IEqualityComparer<TValue> comparer) {
            return this.Values.Contains(value, comparer);
        }

        public bool ContainsKey(TKey key) {
            return _keyedCollection.Contains(key);
        }

        public KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> GetItem(int index) {
            if (index < 0 || index >= _keyedCollection.Count) {
                throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("The index was outside the bounds of the dictionary: {0}", index));
            }
            return _keyedCollection[index];
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the value at the index specified.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the value desired</param>
        /// <param name="value">The value to set</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
        /// Thrown when the index specified does not refer to a KeyValuePair in this object
        /// </exception>
        public void SetItem(int index, TValue value) {
            if (index < 0 || index >= _keyedCollection.Count) {
                throw new ArgumentException("The index is outside the bounds of the dictionary: {0}".FormatWith(index));
            }
            var kvp = new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(_keyedCollection[index].Key, value);
            _keyedCollection[index] = kvp;
        }

        public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator() {
            return _keyedCollection.GetEnumerator();
        }

        public bool Remove(TKey key) {
            return _keyedCollection.Remove(key);
        }

        public void RemoveAt(int index) {
            if (index < 0 || index >= _keyedCollection.Count) {
                throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("The index was outside the bounds of the dictionary: {0}", index));
            }
            _keyedCollection.RemoveAt(index);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the value associated with the specified key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key">The key associated with the value to get.</param>
        public TValue GetValue(TKey key) {
            if (_keyedCollection.Contains(key) == false) {
                throw new ArgumentException("The given key is not present in the dictionary: {0}".FormatWith(key));
            }
            var kvp = _keyedCollection[key];
            return kvp.Value;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the value associated with the specified key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key">The key associated with the value to set.</param>
        /// <param name="value">The the value to set.</param>
        public void SetValue(TKey key, TValue value) {
            var kvp = new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value);
            var idx = IndexOf(key);
            if (idx > -1) {
                _keyedCollection[idx] = kvp;
            }
            else {
                _keyedCollection.Add(kvp);
            }
        }

        public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value) {
            if (_keyedCollection.Contains(key)) {
                value = _keyedCollection[key].Value;
                return true;
            }
            else {
                value = default(TValue);
                return false;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region sorting
        public void SortKeys() {
            _keyedCollection.SortByKeys();
        }

        public void SortKeys(IComparer<TKey> comparer) {
            _keyedCollection.SortByKeys(comparer);
        }

        public void SortKeys(Comparison<TKey> comparison) {
            _keyedCollection.SortByKeys(comparison);
        }

        public void SortValues() {
            var comparer = Comparer<TValue>.Default;
            SortValues(comparer);
        }

        public void SortValues(IComparer<TValue> comparer) {
            _keyedCollection.Sort((x, y) => comparer.Compare(x.Value, y.Value));
        }

        public void SortValues(Comparison<TValue> comparison) {
            _keyedCollection.Sort((x, y) => comparison(x.Value, y.Value));
        }
        #endregion

        #region IDictionary<TKey, TValue>

        void IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Add(TKey key, TValue value) {
            Add(key, value);
        }

        bool IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.ContainsKey(TKey key) {
            return ContainsKey(key);
        }

        ICollection<TKey> IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Keys {
            get { return Keys; }
        }

        bool IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Remove(TKey key) {
            return Remove(key);
        }

        bool IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value) {
            return TryGetValue(key, out value);
        }

        ICollection<TValue> IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Values {
            get { return Values; }
        }

        TValue IDictionary<TKey, TValue>.this[TKey key] {
            get {
                return this[key];
            }
            set {
                this[key] = value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>

        void ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Add(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item) {
            _keyedCollection.Add(item);
        }

        void ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Clear() {
            _keyedCollection.Clear();
        }

        bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Contains(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item) {
            return _keyedCollection.Contains(item);
        }

        void ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.CopyTo(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] array, int arrayIndex) {
            _keyedCollection.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
        }

        int ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Count {
            get { return _keyedCollection.Count; }
        }

        bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.IsReadOnly {
            get { return false; }
        }

        bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Remove(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item) {
            return _keyedCollection.Remove(item);
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>

        IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.GetEnumerator() {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEnumerable

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        #endregion

        #region IOrderedDictionary

        IDictionaryEnumerator IOrderedDictionary.GetEnumerator() {
            return new DictionaryEnumerator<TKey, TValue>(this);
        }

        void IOrderedDictionary.Insert(int index, object key, object value) {
            Insert(index, (TKey)key, (TValue)value);
        }

        void IOrderedDictionary.RemoveAt(int index) {
            RemoveAt(index);
        }

        object IOrderedDictionary.this[int index] {
            get {
                return this[index];
            }
            set {
                this[index] = (TValue)value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region IDictionary

        void IDictionary.Add(object key, object value) {
            Add((TKey)key, (TValue)value);
        }

        void IDictionary.Clear() {
            Clear();
        }

        bool IDictionary.Contains(object key) {
            return _keyedCollection.Contains((TKey)key);
        }

        IDictionaryEnumerator IDictionary.GetEnumerator() {
            return new DictionaryEnumerator<TKey, TValue>(this);
        }

        bool IDictionary.IsFixedSize {
            get { return false; }
        }

        bool IDictionary.IsReadOnly {
            get { return false; }
        }

        ICollection IDictionary.Keys {
            get { return (ICollection)this.Keys; }
        }

        void IDictionary.Remove(object key) {
            Remove((TKey)key);
        }

        ICollection IDictionary.Values {
            get { return (ICollection)this.Values; }
        }

        object IDictionary.this[object key] {
            get {
                return this[(TKey)key];
            }
            set {
                this[(TKey)key] = (TValue)value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ICollection

        void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index) {
            ((ICollection)_keyedCollection).CopyTo(array, index);
        }

        int ICollection.Count {
            get { return ((ICollection)_keyedCollection).Count; }
        }

        bool ICollection.IsSynchronized {
            get { return ((ICollection)_keyedCollection).IsSynchronized; }
        }

        object ICollection.SyncRoot {
            get { return ((ICollection)_keyedCollection).SyncRoot; }
        }

        #endregion
    }

    public class KeyedCollection2<TKey, TItem> : KeyedCollection<TKey, TItem> {
        private const string DelegateNullExceptionMessage = "Delegate passed cannot be null";
        private Func<TItem, TKey> _getKeyForItemDelegate;

        public KeyedCollection2(Func<TItem, TKey> getKeyForItemDelegate)
            : base() {
            if (getKeyForItemDelegate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(DelegateNullExceptionMessage);
            _getKeyForItemDelegate = getKeyForItemDelegate;
        }

        public KeyedCollection2(Func<TItem, TKey> getKeyForItemDelegate, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer)
            : base(comparer) {
            if (getKeyForItemDelegate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(DelegateNullExceptionMessage);
            _getKeyForItemDelegate = getKeyForItemDelegate;
        }

        protected override TKey GetKeyForItem(TItem item) {
            return _getKeyForItemDelegate(item);
        }

        public void SortByKeys() {
            var comparer = Comparer<TKey>.Default;
            SortByKeys(comparer);
        }

        public void SortByKeys(IComparer<TKey> keyComparer) {
            var comparer = new Comparer2<TItem>((x, y) => keyComparer.Compare(GetKeyForItem(x), GetKeyForItem(y)));
            Sort(comparer);
        }

        public void SortByKeys(Comparison<TKey> keyComparison) {
            var comparer = new Comparer2<TItem>((x, y) => keyComparison(GetKeyForItem(x), GetKeyForItem(y)));
            Sort(comparer);
        }

        public void Sort() {
            var comparer = Comparer<TItem>.Default;
            Sort(comparer);
        }

        public void Sort(Comparison<TItem> comparison) {
            var newComparer = new Comparer2<TItem>((x, y) => comparison(x, y));
            Sort(newComparer);
        }

        public void Sort(IComparer<TItem> comparer) {
            List<TItem> list = base.Items as List<TItem>;
            if (list != null) {
                list.Sort(comparer);
            }
        }
    }

    public class Comparer2<T> : Comparer<T> {
        //private readonly Func<T, T, int> _compareFunction;
        private readonly Comparison<T> _compareFunction;

        #region Constructors

        public Comparer2(Comparison<T> comparison) {
            if (comparison == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("comparison");
            _compareFunction = comparison;
        }

        #endregion

        public override int Compare(T arg1, T arg2) {
            return _compareFunction(arg1, arg2);
        }
    }

    public class DictionaryEnumerator<TKey, TValue> : IDictionaryEnumerator, IDisposable {
        readonly IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> impl;
        public void Dispose() { impl.Dispose(); }
        public DictionaryEnumerator(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> value) {
            this.impl = value.GetEnumerator();
        }
        public void Reset() { impl.Reset(); }
        public bool MoveNext() { return impl.MoveNext(); }
        public DictionaryEntry Entry {
            get {
                var pair = impl.Current;
                return new DictionaryEntry(pair.Key, pair.Value);
            }
        }
        public object Key { get { return impl.Current.Key; } }
        public object Value { get { return impl.Current.Value; } }
        public object Current { get { return Entry; } }
    }
}

// http://unlicense.org
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using mattmc3.Common.Collections.Generic;

namespace mattmc3.Tests.Common.Collections.Generic {
    [TestClass]
    public class OrderedDictionaryTests {

        private OrderedDictionary<string, string> GetAlphabetDictionary(IEqualityComparer<string> comparer = null) {
            OrderedDictionary<string, string> alphabet = (comparer == null ? new OrderedDictionary<string, string>() : new OrderedDictionary<string, string>(comparer));
            for (var a = Convert.ToInt32('a'); a <= Convert.ToInt32('z'); a++) {
                var c = Convert.ToChar(a);
                alphabet.Add(c.ToString(), c.ToString().ToUpper());
            }
            Assert.AreEqual(26, alphabet.Count);
            return alphabet;
        }

        private List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetAlphabetList() {
            var alphabet = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
            for (var a = Convert.ToInt32('a'); a <= Convert.ToInt32('z'); a++) {
                var c = Convert.ToChar(a);
                alphabet.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(c.ToString(), c.ToString().ToUpper()));
            }
            Assert.AreEqual(26, alphabet.Count);
            return alphabet;
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestAdd() {
            var od = new OrderedDictionary<string, string>();
            Assert.AreEqual(0, od.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual(-1, od.IndexOf("foo"));

            od.Add("foo", "bar");
            Assert.AreEqual(1, od.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual(0, od.IndexOf("foo"));
            Assert.AreEqual(od[0], "bar");
            Assert.AreEqual(od["foo"], "bar");
            Assert.AreEqual(od.GetItem(0).Key, "foo");
            Assert.AreEqual(od.GetItem(0).Value, "bar");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestRemove() {
            var od = new OrderedDictionary<string, string>();

            od.Add("foo", "bar");
            Assert.AreEqual(1, od.Count);

            od.Remove("foo");
            Assert.AreEqual(0, od.Count);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestRemoveAt() {
            var od = new OrderedDictionary<string, string>();

            od.Add("foo", "bar");
            Assert.AreEqual(1, od.Count);

            od.RemoveAt(0);
            Assert.AreEqual(0, od.Count);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestClear() {
            var od = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            Assert.AreEqual(26, od.Count);
            od.Clear();
            Assert.AreEqual(0, od.Count);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestOrderIsPreserved() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            var alphabetList = GetAlphabetList();
            Assert.AreEqual(26, alphabetDict.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual(26, alphabetList.Count);

            var keys = alphabetDict.Keys.ToList();
            var values = alphabetDict.Values.ToList();

            for (var i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                var dictItem = alphabetDict.GetItem(i);
                var listItem = alphabetList[i];
                var key = keys[i];
                var value = values[i];

                Assert.AreEqual(dictItem, listItem);
                Assert.AreEqual(key, listItem.Key);
                Assert.AreEqual(value, listItem.Value);
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestTryGetValue() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            string result = null;
            Assert.IsFalse(alphabetDict.TryGetValue("abc", out result));
            Assert.IsNull(result);
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.TryGetValue("z", out result));
            Assert.AreEqual("Z", result);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestEnumerator() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();

            var keys = alphabetDict.Keys.ToList();
            Assert.AreEqual(26, keys.Count);

            var i = 0;
            foreach (var kvp in alphabetDict) {
                var value = alphabetDict[kvp.Key];
                Assert.AreEqual(kvp.Value, value);
                i++;
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestInvalidIndex() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            try {
                var notGonnaWork = alphabetDict[100];
                Assert.IsTrue(false, "Exception should have thrown");
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                Assert.IsTrue(ex.Message.Contains("index is outside the bounds"));
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestMissingKey() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            try {
                var notGonnaWork = alphabetDict["abc"];
                Assert.IsTrue(false, "Exception should have thrown");
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                Assert.IsTrue(ex.Message.Contains("key is not present"));
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestUpdateExistingValue() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsKey("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(2, alphabetDict.IndexOf("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(alphabetDict[2], "C");
            alphabetDict[2] = "CCC";
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsKey("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(2, alphabetDict.IndexOf("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(alphabetDict[2], "CCC");
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestInsertValue() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsKey("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(2, alphabetDict.IndexOf("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(alphabetDict[2], "C");
            Assert.AreEqual(26, alphabetDict.Count);
            Assert.IsFalse(alphabetDict.ContainsValue("ABC"));

            alphabetDict.Insert(2, "abc", "ABC");
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsKey("c"));
            Assert.AreEqual(2, alphabetDict.IndexOf("abc"));
            Assert.AreEqual(alphabetDict[2], "ABC");
            Assert.AreEqual(27, alphabetDict.Count);
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsValue("ABC"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestValueComparer() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            Assert.IsFalse(alphabetDict.ContainsValue("a"));
            Assert.IsTrue(alphabetDict.ContainsValue("a", StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSortByKeys() {
            var alphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            var reverseAlphabetDict = GetAlphabetDictionary();
            Comparison<string> stringReverse = ((x, y) => (String.Equals(x, y) ? 0 : String.Compare(x, y) >= 1 ? -1 : 1));
            reverseAlphabetDict.SortKeys(stringReverse);
            for (int j = 0, k = 25; j < alphabetDict.Count; j++, k--) {
                var ascValue = alphabetDict.GetItem(j);
                var dscValue = reverseAlphabetDict.GetItem(k);
                Assert.AreEqual(ascValue.Key, dscValue.Key);
                Assert.AreEqual(ascValue.Value, dscValue.Value);
            }
        }

--更新--

此库和其他真正有用的缺失核心.NET库的源代码如下: https://github.com/mattmc3/dotmore/blob/master/dotmore/Collections/Generic/OrderedDictionary.cs

KeyedCollection 允许通过int和键对对象进行索引的。键必须嵌入到值中。

这里有一个奇怪的发现:System.Web.Extensions.dll中的System.Web.Util命名空间包含一个通用OrderedDictionary

// Type: System.Web.Util.OrderedDictionary`2
// Assembly: System.Web.Extensions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35
// Assembly location: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\System.Web.Extensions.dll

namespace System.Web.Util
{
    internal class OrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable

值得一提的是,我是这样解决的:

   public class PairList<TKey, TValue> : List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> {
        Dictionary<TKey, int> itsIndex = new Dictionary<TKey, int>();

        public void Add(TKey key, TValue value) {
            Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value));
            itsIndex.Add(key, Count-1);
        }

        public TValue Get(TKey key) {
            var idx = itsIndex[key];
            return this[idx].Value;
        }
    }

var pairList = new PairList<string, string>
    {
        { "pitcher", "Ken" },
        { "catcher", "Brad"},
        { "left fielder", "Stan"},
    };

访问方式如下:

foreach (var pair in pairList)
{
    Console.WriteLine("position: {0}, player: {1}",
        pair.Key, pair.Value);
}

// Guaranteed to print in the order of initialization

通用版本的主要概念问题 OrderedDictionary OrderedDictionary<TKey,TValue> 可以用一个 int ,或使用 TKey Object ,非泛型的情况也是如此 ,传递给索引器的参数类型足以区分是否应执行哪种类型的索引操作。不过,目前还不清楚 OrderedDictionary<int, TValue>

如果班级喜欢 Drawing.Point 他建议并遵循一条规则,即分段可变结构应将其可变元素作为字段而不是属性公开,并避免使用修改 this OrderedDictionary<TKey,TValue> 可以有效地暴露 ByIndex Indexer GetByIndex 和 SetByIndex MyDict.ByIndex[5] += 3; 在字典的第六个元素中加3。

属性每次调用时都返回一个新的类实例而不是结构,从而消除了避免装箱的优点。

MyDict.ByIndex[int] 将成为 MyDict MyDict.ByIndex 麦迪克特 它包括一个索引器),但C不允许这样的事情。

OrderedDictionary<TKey,TValue> where TKey:class

从很多方面来说,我发现一个人可以通过 List<KeyValuePair<K, V>> . (如果你需要的话就不用了 Dictionary ,显然,如果需要比O(n)更好的键值查找,则不需要。)

SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> . 虽然在语义上很接近,但我并不是说它和 OrderedDictionary 只是因为他们不是。甚至从性能特征来看。然而,非常有趣和相当重要的区别 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> (在这种程度上 有序词典 以及答案中提供的实现)和 SortedDictionary OutOfMemoryExceptions

How to figure out the max value for capacity parameter passed to Dictionary constructor to avoid OutOfMemoryException?

对,这是个不幸的疏忽。我想念蟒蛇的 OrderedDict

所以我写了我自己的 OrderedDictionary<K,V> C#类。它是如何工作的?它维护两个集合-一个普通的无序字典和一个有序的键列表。在这个解决方案中,标准字典操作保持了快速的复杂性,按索引查找也很快。

https://gist.github.com/hickford/5137384

/// <summary>
/// A dictionary that remembers the order that keys were first inserted. If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position is left unchanged. Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of keys</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of values</typeparam>
public interface IOrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The value of the element at the given index.
    /// </summary>
    TValue this[int index] { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Find the position of an element by key. Returns -1 if the dictionary does not contain an element with the given key.
    /// </summary>
    int IndexOf(TKey key);

    /// <summary>
    /// Insert an element at the given index.
    /// </summary>
    void Insert(int index, TKey key, TValue value);

    /// <summary>
    /// Remove the element at the given index.
    /// </summary>
    void RemoveAt(int index);
}

这一执行有可能被否决。

https://github.com/dotnet/corefxlab/blob/57be99a176421992e29009701a99a370983329a6/src/Microsoft.Experimental.Collections/Microsoft/Collections/Extensions/OrderedDictionary.cs

可以在这里找到最终具有此类型可供使用的NuGet包 https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Experimental.Collections/1.0.6-e190117-3

将更新这个职位,如果和当类型是正式提供。

System.Runtime.Collections.OrderedDictionary<,> . 我本来打算通过反射来访问它,并通过工厂提供它,但这个dll似乎根本不太容易访问,所以我只是拉了源代码本身。

不会扔 KeyNotFoundException return default(TValue); . 使用C#6( compatible with Visual Studio 2013 )

/// <summary>
///     System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary is NOT generic.
///     This class is essentially a generic wrapper for OrderedDictionary.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
///     Indexer here will NOT throw KeyNotFoundException
/// </remarks>
public class OrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, IDictionary
{
    private readonly OrderedDictionary _privateDictionary;

    public OrderedDictionary()
    {
        _privateDictionary = new OrderedDictionary();
    }

    public OrderedDictionary(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)
    {
        if (dictionary == null) return;

        _privateDictionary = new OrderedDictionary();

        foreach (var pair in dictionary)
        {
            _privateDictionary.Add(pair.Key, pair.Value);
        }
    }

    public bool IsReadOnly => false;
    public int Count => _privateDictionary.Count;
    int ICollection.Count => _privateDictionary.Count;
    object ICollection.SyncRoot => ((ICollection)_privateDictionary).SyncRoot;
    bool ICollection.IsSynchronized => ((ICollection)_privateDictionary).IsSynchronized;

    bool IDictionary.IsFixedSize => ((IDictionary)_privateDictionary).IsFixedSize;
    bool IDictionary.IsReadOnly => _privateDictionary.IsReadOnly;
    ICollection IDictionary.Keys => _privateDictionary.Keys;
    ICollection IDictionary.Values => _privateDictionary.Values;

    void IDictionary.Add(object key, object value)
    {
        _privateDictionary.Add(key, value);
    }

    void IDictionary.Clear()
    {
        _privateDictionary.Clear();
    }

    bool IDictionary.Contains(object key)
    {
        return _privateDictionary.Contains(key);
    }

    IDictionaryEnumerator IDictionary.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return _privateDictionary.GetEnumerator();
    }

    void IDictionary.Remove(object key)
    {
        _privateDictionary.Remove(key);
    }

    object IDictionary.this[object key]
    {
        get { return _privateDictionary[key]; }
        set { _privateDictionary[key] = value; }
    }

    void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index)
    {
        _privateDictionary.CopyTo(array, index);
    }

    public TValue this[TKey key]
    {
        get
        {
            if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

            if (_privateDictionary.Contains(key))
            {
                return (TValue) _privateDictionary[key];
            }

            return default(TValue);
        }
        set
        {
            if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

            _privateDictionary[key] = value;
        }
    }

    public ICollection<TKey> Keys
    {
        get
        {
            var keys = new List<TKey>(_privateDictionary.Count);

            keys.AddRange(_privateDictionary.Keys.Cast<TKey>());

            return keys.AsReadOnly();
        }
    }

    public ICollection<TValue> Values
    {
        get
        {
            var values = new List<TValue>(_privateDictionary.Count);

            values.AddRange(_privateDictionary.Values.Cast<TValue>());

            return values.AsReadOnly();
        }
    }

    public void Add(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        Add(item.Key, item.Value);
    }

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

        _privateDictionary.Add(key, value);
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        _privateDictionary.Clear();
    }

    public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        if (item.Key == null || !_privateDictionary.Contains(item.Key))
        {
            return false;
        }

        return _privateDictionary[item.Key].Equals(item.Value);
    }

    public bool ContainsKey(TKey key)
    {
        if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

        return _privateDictionary.Contains(key);
    }

    public void CopyTo(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        if (array == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(array));
        if (arrayIndex < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(arrayIndex));
        if (array.Rank > 1 || arrayIndex >= array.Length
                           || array.Length - arrayIndex < _privateDictionary.Count)
            throw new ArgumentException("Bad Copy ToArray", nameof(array));

        var index = arrayIndex;
        foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in _privateDictionary)
        {
            array[index] = 
                new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>((TKey) entry.Key, (TValue) entry.Value);
            index++;
        }
    }

    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in _privateDictionary)
        {
            yield return 
                new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>((TKey) entry.Key, (TValue) entry.Value);
        }
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

    public bool Remove(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        if (false == Contains(item)) return false;

        _privateDictionary.Remove(item.Key);

        return true;
    }

    public bool Remove(TKey key)
    {
        if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

        if (false == _privateDictionary.Contains(key)) return false;

        _privateDictionary.Remove(key);

        return true;
    }

    public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value)
    {
        if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

        var keyExists = _privateDictionary.Contains(key);
        value = keyExists ? (TValue) _privateDictionary[key] : default(TValue);

        return keyExists;
    }
}

Pull requests/discussion accepted on GitHub

OrderedDictionary<TKey, TValue> 绕来绕去 SortedList<TKey, TValue> 以及添加一个 Dictionary<TKey, int> _order . 然后我创建了 Comparer<TKey>

此实现与 分类列表<TKey,TValue> 因为添加和删除的顺序是O(1)。每一个元素都将采用(根据《简言之C#4》一书,第。292,表7-1)额外的内存空间22(开销)+4(整数顺序)+TKey size(假设8)=34 的开销是两个字节,总开销是36个字节,而同一本书说,非泛型 OrderedDictionary

如果我通过 sorted=true OrderedDictionary<TKey,TValue> 正是 分类列表<TKey,TValue>

我不打算在 对我来说,36字节的开销是可以忍受的。

主要代码如下。完整的更新代码就在这里 gist .

public class OrderedList<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, IDictionary
{
    private readonly Dictionary<TKey, int> _order;
    private readonly SortedList<TKey, TValue> _internalList;

    private readonly bool _sorted;
    private readonly OrderComparer _comparer;

    public OrderedList(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, bool sorted = false)
    {
        _sorted = sorted;

        if (dictionary == null)
            dictionary = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();

        if (_sorted)
        {
            _internalList = new SortedList<TKey, TValue>(dictionary);
        }
        else
        {
            _order = new Dictionary<TKey, int>();
            _comparer = new OrderComparer(ref _order);
            _internalList = new SortedList<TKey, TValue>(_comparer);
            // Keep order of the IDictionary
            foreach (var kvp in dictionary)
            {
                Add(kvp);
            }
        }
    }

    public OrderedList(bool sorted = false)
        : this(null, sorted)
    {
    }

    private class OrderComparer : Comparer<TKey>
    {
        public Dictionary<TKey, int> Order { get; set; }

        public OrderComparer(ref Dictionary<TKey, int> order)
        {
            Order = order;
        }

        public override int Compare(TKey x, TKey y)
        {
            var xo = Order[x];
            var yo = Order[y];
            return xo.CompareTo(yo);
        }
    }

    private void ReOrder()
    {
        var i = 0;
        _order = _order.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Value).ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => i++);
        _comparer.Order = _order;
        _lastOrder = _order.Values.Max() + 1;
    }

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        if (!_sorted)
        {
            _order.Add(key, _lastOrder);
            _lastOrder++;

            // Very rare event
            if (_lastOrder == int.MaxValue)
                ReOrder();
        }

        _internalList.Add(key, value);
    }

    public bool Remove(TKey key)
    {
        var result = _internalList.Remove(key);
        if (!_sorted)
            _order.Remove(key);
        return result;
    }

    // Other IDictionary<> + IDictionary members implementation wrapping around _internalList
    // ...
}

OrderedDictionary<,> 然后我用O(n)search创建了一个简单的最小版本,其中有两个键和值类对象列表,只是为了看看O(1)访问的好处。

using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;

public class TessyOne : MonoBehaviour
{
    public const int iterations = 50000;
    private System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch;
    private System.Random random;
    public float stopwatchDuration;

    public class Ala
    {
        public int inta;
        public float fla;
        public string stra;
        public Ben bena;

        public Ala(int i, float f, string s, Ben b)
        {
            inta = i; fla = f; stra = s; bena = b;
        }
    }

    public class Ben
    {
        public int inte;
        public float fle;
        public string stre;

        public Ben(int i, float f, string s)
        {
            inte = i; fle = f; stre = s;
        }
    }

    //public Naive.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben> alasToBens = new Naive.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben>();
    //public Hickford.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben> alasToBens = new Hickford.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben>();
    //public Mattmc3.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben> alasToBens = new Mattmc3.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben>();
    public Marisic.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben> alasToBens = new Marisic.OrderedDictionary<Ala, Ben>();
    //public VB.OrderedList<Ala, Ben> alasToBens = new VB.OrderedList<Ala, Ben>(null, false);

    Ala[] alarray = new Ala[iterations];
    Ben[] berray = new Ben[iterations];

    // This is the entry point of the application 
    private void Start()
    {
        stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
        random = new System.Random(2020);

        for(int i = 0; i < iterations; ++i)
        {
            berray[i] = new Ben(random.Next(),
                                (float)random.NextDouble(),
                                MakeRandomString((ushort)random.Next(1, 10)));
            alarray[i] = new Ala(random.Next(),
                                 (float)random.NextDouble(),
                                  MakeRandomString((ushort)random.Next(1, 10)),
                                  berray[i]);
            // uncomment for testing ContainsKey() and Remove(), comment for Add()
            alasToBens.Add(alarray[i], berray[i]);
        }
    
        stopwatch.Start();
        for(int i = iterations - 1; i > -1; --i)
        {
            //alasToBens.Add(alarray[i], berray[i]);
            //alasToBens.ContainsKey(alarray[i]);
            alasToBens.Remove(alarray[i]);
        }
        stopwatch.Stop();
        stopwatchDuration = stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
    }

    public string MakeRandomString(ushort length)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for(ushort u = 0; u < length; ++u)
        {
            sb.Append((char)Random.Range(33, 126)); // regular ASCII chars
        }
        return sb.ToString();
    }
}

请注意,这些测试针对的是最坏的情况,至少在naiveversion的情况下是这样的,因为它会遍历从索引0到的集合 iterations 搜索从头到尾。我量了量 Add() , ContainsKey() Remove() 对于一个有50000个词条的字典,以毫秒为单位。 结果:

+----------+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------+
|    ms    |     Add()      | ContainsKey()  |            Remove()            |
+----------+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------+
| Hickford |     7, 8, 7, 8 |     2, 2, 3, 2 |         7400, 7503, 7419, 7421 |
| Mattmc3  | 23, 24, 24, 23 |     3, 3, 3, 3 | 890404, 913465, 875387, 877792 |
| Marisic  | 27, 28, 28, 27 |     4, 4, 4, 4 |     27401, 27627, 27341, 27349 |
| V.B.     | 76, 76, 75, 75 | 59, 60, 60, 60 |                 66, 67, 67, 67 |
|          |                |                |                                |
| Naive    |   19651, 19761 |   25335, 25416 |                   25259, 25306 |
+----------+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------+