Scala中的动态混合-可能吗?

我相信这在运行时是不可能严格做到的,因为特性在编译时被混合到新的Java类中。如果匿名地将一个trait与现有类混合,您可以看到,通过查看类文件并使用javap,scalac创建了一个匿名的、名称混乱的类:

class Foo {
  def bar = 5
}

trait Spam {
  def eggs = 10
}

object Main {
  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    println((new Foo with Spam).eggs)
  }
}

scalac Mixin.scala; ls *.class 退货

Foo.class Main$.class Spam$class.class Main$$anon$1.class Main.class Spam.class

而 javap Main\$\$anon\$1 退货

Compiled from "mixin.scala"

public final class Main$$anon$1 extends Foo implements Spam{
    public int eggs();
    public Main$$anon$1();
}

如您所见,scalac创建了一个新的匿名类,该类在运行时加载;大概是这个方法 eggs Spam$class 还有电话 但我不太确定。

,我们可以在这里做一个相当恶作剧的把戏:

import scala.tools.nsc._;
import scala.reflect.Manifest

object DynamicClassLoader {
  private var id = 0
  def uniqueId = synchronized {  id += 1; "Klass" + id.toString }
}

class DynamicClassLoader extends 
    java.lang.ClassLoader(getClass.getClassLoader) {
  def buildClass[T, V](implicit t: Manifest[T], v: Manifest[V]) = {

    // Create a unique ID
    val id = DynamicClassLoader.uniqueId

    // what's the Scala code we need to generate this class?
    val classDef = "class %s extends %s with %s".
      format(id, t.toString, v.toString)

    println(classDef)

    // fire up a new Scala interpreter/compiler
    val settings = new Settings(null)
    val interpreter = new Interpreter(settings)

    // define this class
    interpreter.compileAndSaveRun("<anon>", classDef)

    // get the bytecode for this new class
    val bytes = interpreter.classLoader.getBytesForClass(id)

    // define the bytecode using this classloader; cast it to what we expect
    defineClass(id, bytes, 0, bytes.length).asInstanceOf[Class[T with V]]
  }

}


val loader = new DynamicClassLoader

val instance = loader.buildClass[Foo, Spam].newInstance
instance.bar
// Int = 5
instance.eggs
// Int = 10

自从你 要使用Scala编译器AFAIK,这可能是最干净的解决方案。虽然速度很慢,但回忆录可能会大有帮助。

我希望能够在我的Spring应用程序上下文中构造Scala bean,但我也希望能够指定要包含在构造的bean中的mixin:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:scala="http://www.springframework.org/schema/scala"
  xsi:schemaLocation=...>

  <scala:bean class="org.cakesolutions.scala.services.UserService" >
    <scala:with trait="org.cakesolutions.scala.services.Mixin1" />
    <scala:with trait="org.cakesolutions.scala.services.Mixin2" />

    <scala:property name="dependency" value="Injected" />
  <scala:bean>
</beans>

困难在于Class.forName函数不允许我指定mixin。最后,我将上述黑客解决方案扩展到Scala2.9.1。所以,在这里它是在它的充分血淋淋;包括一些弹簧。

class ScalaBeanFactory(private val beanType: Class[_ <: AnyRef],
                       private val mixinTypes: Seq[Class[_ <: AnyRef]]) {
  val loader = new DynamicClassLoader
  val clazz = loader.buildClass(beanType, mixinTypes)

   def getTypedObject[T] = getObject.asInstanceOf[T]

   def getObject = {
     clazz.newInstance()
   }

   def getObjectType = null
   def isSingleton = true

object DynamicClassLoader {
  private var id = 0
  def uniqueId = synchronized {  id += 1; "Klass" + id.toString }
}

class DynamicClassLoader extends java.lang.ClassLoader(getClass.getClassLoader) {

  def buildClass(t: Class[_ <: AnyRef], vs: Seq[Class[_ <: AnyRef]]) = {
    val id = DynamicClassLoader.uniqueId

    val classDef = new StringBuilder

    classDef.append("class ").append(id)
    classDef.append(" extends ").append(t.getCanonicalName)
    vs.foreach(c => classDef.append(" with %s".format(c.getCanonicalName)))

    val settings = new Settings(null)
    settings.usejavacp.value = true
    val interpreter = new IMain(settings)


    interpreter.compileString(classDef.toString())


    val r = interpreter.classLoader.getResourceAsStream(id)
    val o = new ByteArrayOutputStream
    val b = new Array[Byte](16384)
    Stream.continually(r.read(b)).takeWhile(_ > 0).foreach(o.write(b, 0, _))
    val bytes = o.toByteArray

    defineClass(id, bytes, 0, bytes.length)
  }

}

class ScalaBeanFactorySpec extends Specification {

  "getTypedObject mixes-in the specified traits" in {
    val f1 = new ScalaBeanFactory(classOf[Cat],
                                  Seq(classOf[Speaking], classOf[Eating]))

    val c1 = f1.getTypedObject[Cat with Eating with Speaking]

    c1.isInstanceOf[Cat with Eating with Speaking] must_==(true)

    c1.speak    // in trait Speaking
    c1.eat      // in trait Eating
    c1.meow     // in class Cat
  }

}