您可以尝试以下操作:
Select et1.System_ID, et1.[Date] as DateDown, et2.[Date] as DateUp, DATEDIFF(s, et1.[Date], et2.[Date]) as DownForSeconds
From EventTable et1
Left Join EventTable et2 On et1.System_ID = et2.System_ID and et2.[Event] = 'Up'
Where
et1.[Event] = 'Down'
and et2.[Date] = (Select Top 1 [Date] From EventTable Where System_ID = et2.System_ID and [Date] > et1.[Date])