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使用泛型约束时如何使用继承

inheritance generics c#

Ian · 技术社区 · 15 年前

当我试图实现一个允许继承的库并希望有人能提供帮助时,我正在努力解决一些通用的约束问题。

我正试图建立一个类库,它有3种风格,每一个建筑在其他之上。对我来说,这似乎是一个使用泛型的绝佳机会,因为我不能完全通过纯继承来做我想做的事情。代码如下(这应该直接粘贴到VS中),后面有一些解释:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Test
{
    #region Base Classes

    public class GenericElement { }

    /// <summary>Visit to a GenericElement</summary>
    public class Generic_Visit<E> where E : GenericElement
    {
        public E Element { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
    public class Generic_Route<V, E>
        where V : Generic_Visit<E>
        where E : GenericElement
    {
        public List<V> Visits { get; set; }
        public Double Distance { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
    public class Generic_Solution<R, V, E>
        where R : Generic_Route<V, E>
        where V : Generic_Visit<E>
        where E : GenericElement
    {
        public List<R> Routes { get; set; }

        public Double Distance
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Distance).Sum();
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion

    #region TSP Classes

    public class Concrete_TSPNode : GenericElement { }

    public abstract class Generic_TSPVisit<E> : Generic_Visit<E>
        where E : Concrete_TSPNode
    {
        public Double Time { get; set; }
    }

    public abstract class Generic_TSPRoute<V, E> : Generic_Route<V, E>
        where V : Concrete_TSPVisit
        where E : Concrete_TSPNode
    {
        public Double Time
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Time).Sum();
            }
        }
    }

    public abstract class Generic_TSPSolution<R, V, E> : Generic_Solution<R, V, E>
        where R : Concrete_TSPRoute
        where V : Concrete_TSPVisit
        where E : Concrete_TSPNode
    {
        public Double Time
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Time).Sum();
            }
        }
    }

    public class Concrete_TSPVisit : Generic_TSPVisit<Concrete_TSPNode> { }

    public class Concrete_TSPRoute : Generic_TSPRoute<Concrete_TSPVisit, Concrete_TSPNode> { }

    public class Concrete_TSPSolution : Generic_TSPSolution<Concrete_TSPRoute, Concrete_TSPVisit, Concrete_TSPNode> { }

    #endregion

    #region VRP

    public class Concrete_VRPNode : Concrete_TSPNode { }

    public abstract class Generic_VRPVisit<E> : Generic_TSPVisit<E> where E : Concrete_VRPNode
    {
        public Double Capacity { get; set; }
    }

    public abstract class Generic_VRPRoute<V, E> : Generic_TSPRoute<V, E>
        where V : Concrete_VRPVisit
        where E : Concrete_VRPNode
    {
        public Double Capacity
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Capacity).Sum();
            }
        }
    }

    public abstract class G_VRPSolution<R, V, E> : Generic_TSPSolution<R, V, E>
        where R : Concrete_VRPRoute
        where V : Concrete_VRPVisit
        where E : Concrete_VRPNode
    {
        public Double Capacity
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Capacity).Sum();
            }
        }
    }

    public class Concrete_VRPVisit : Generic_VRPVisit<Concrete_VRPNode> { }

    public class Concrete_VRPRoute : Generic_VRPRoute<Concrete_VRPVisit, Concrete_VRPNode> { }

    public class Concrete_VRPSolution : Generic_TSPSolution<Concrete_VRPRoute, Concrete_VRPVisit, Concrete_VRPNode> { }

    #endregion
}

我很有信心所有类型都是正确的,但是当我尝试构建时,我会遇到以下错误,我真的不知道如何处理它们。

错误1类型“V”不能用作泛型类型中的类型参数“V” '或方法'测试.u路径'. 没有隐含的引用从“V”转换为

错误2 类型“V”不能用作类型泛型类型中的参数“V”或 '方法'Test.u解决方案'. 没有隐含的引用

类型“R”不能用作类型泛型类型中的参数“R”或 '方法'Test.u解决方案'. 没有隐含的引用 '测试.u路径'

错误4类型“V”不能用作或方法没有来自的隐式引用转换 “V”到“V”混凝土试验'.

错误5类型“V”不能用作或方法 '测试通用解决方案'. 从“V”转换为 '混凝土试验'.

错误6 类型“R”不能用作类型泛型类型中的参数“R”或方法没有隐含的引用从“R”转换为 '混凝土试验项目'.

'类型'混凝土试验'不能泛型类型或方法 '测试通用解决方案'. 没有隐含的引用转换自 '混凝土试验'.

错误8 在中用作类型参数“R” 泛型类型或方法转换自 '试验混凝土'到

3 回复 | 直到 15 年前

Enigmativity 15 年前

基类:

public class Generic_Element<E>
    where E : Generic_Element<E>
{
}

/// <summary>Visit to a Generic_Element</summary>
public class Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where V : Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Element<E>
{
    public E Element { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Route<R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Element<E>
{
    public List<V> Visits { get; set; }
    public Double Distance { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where S : Generic_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Element<E>
{
    public List<R> Routes { get; set; }

    public Double Distance
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Distance).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Generic_Tsp_Element<E> : Generic_Element<E>
where E : Generic_Tsp_Element<E>
{
}

/// <summary>Visit to a Generic_Element</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Visit<V, E> : Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where V : Generic_Tsp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Tsp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Time { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Route<R, V, E> : Generic_Route<R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Tsp_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Tsp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Tsp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Time
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Time).Sum();
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Solution<S, R, V, E> : Generic_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where S : Generic_Tsp_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Tsp_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Tsp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Tsp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Time
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Time).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Concrete_Tsp_Element : Generic_Tsp_Element<Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Visit : Generic_Tsp_Visit<Concrete_Tsp_Visit, Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Route : Generic_Tsp_Route<Concrete_Tsp_Route, Concrete_Tsp_Visit, Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Solution : Generic_Tsp_Solution<Concrete_Tsp_Solution, Concrete_Tsp_Route, Concrete_Tsp_Visit, Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Generic_Vrp_Element<E> : Generic_Element<E>
where E : Generic_Vrp_Element<E>
{
}

/// <summary>Visit to a Generic_Element</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E> : Generic_Visit<V, E>
    where V : Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Vrp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Capacity { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Route<R, V, E> : Generic_Route<R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Vrp_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Vrp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Capacity
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Capacity).Sum();
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Solution<S, R, V, E> : Generic_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where S : Generic_Vrp_Solution<S, R, V, E>
    where R : Generic_Vrp_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E>
    where E : Generic_Vrp_Element<E>
{
    public Double Capacity
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Capacity).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Concrete_Vrp_Element : Generic_Vrp_Element<Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Visit : Generic_Vrp_Visit<Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Route : Generic_Vrp_Route<Concrete_Vrp_Route, Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Solution : Generic_Vrp_Solution<Concrete_Vrp_Solution, Concrete_Vrp_Route, Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

最终的结果是非泛型的具体类,可以这样使用:

var e = new Concrete_Tsp_Element();
var v = new Concrete_Tsp_Visit();
v.Element = e;
v.Time = 0.5;
var r = new Concrete_Tsp_Route();
r.Visits = new List<Concrete_Tsp_Visit>(new[] { v });
r.Distance = 2.1;
var s = new Concrete_Tsp_Solution();
s.Routes = new List<Concrete_Tsp_Route>(new[] { r });
Console.WriteLine(s.Distance);
Console.WriteLine(s.Time);
Console.ReadLine();

好好享受!

Timwi 15 年前

好的,让我们检查一下第一个。错误是:

类型“V”不能用作泛型类型或方法中的类型参数“V”测试.u路径'. 没有从“V”到“V”的隐式引用转换Test.u访问'.

它抱怨这个声明:

public abstract class Generic_TSPRoute<V, E> : Generic_Route<V, E>
    where V : Concrete_TSPVisit
    where E : Concrete_TSPNode

这确立了两个定义:

V 是一个 Concrete_TSPVisit (或其后代)
E 是一个 Concrete_TSPNode

现在让我们看看 Generic_Route<V, E> 让我们加入:

public class Generic_Route<V, E>
    where V : Generic_Visit<E>
    where E : GenericElement

第二个约束很好,因为是一个 GenericElement 是一个 混凝土节点 因此 Generic_Visit<E>

Generic_Visit<Concrete_TSPNode> , 或
Generic_Visit<some subclass of Concrete_TSPNode>

然而,我们也从前面知道 五 混凝土路面 (或它的后代)。

继承自 Generic_TSPVisit<Concrete_TSPNode>
通用\u TSPVisit<混凝土\u TSPNode> 继承自

注意到什么了吗?这就要求它是一个 一般访问<混凝土> .

想象一下我写下了这样的话:

var route = new Generic_TSPRoute<Concrete_TSPVisit, Concrete_TSPNode_Subclass>();

混凝土路面 是一个 一般访问<混凝土>

public Concrete_TSPNode Element { get; set; }

如果我从这个属性中检索一个值,它只能保证是一个但不一定是 Concrete_TSPNode_Subclass .

我留下这个答案,因为它解释了编译器错误的原因,但Enigmatitys的答案实际上提供了问题的解决方案。

Timwi 15 年前

这里的答案和谜一样,但是去掉了所有多余的约束。它仍然可以编译,它没有任何泛型递归,而且据我所知,它仍然是必需的类型安全的。神秘,我错过了什么?:)

public class Generic_Element { }

public class Generic_Visit<E>
{
    public E Element { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Route<V>
{
    public List<V> Visits { get; set; }
    public Double Distance { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Solution<R, V>
    where R : Generic_Route<V>
{
    public List<R> Routes { get; set; }

    public Double Distance
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Distance).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Generic_Tsp_Element : Generic_Element
{
}

/// <summary>Visit to a Generic_Element</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Visit<E> : Generic_Visit<E>
{
    public Double Time { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Route<V, E> : Generic_Route<V>
    where V : Generic_Tsp_Visit<E>
{
    public Double Time
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Time).Sum();
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Tsp_Solution<R, V, E> : Generic_Solution<R, V>
    where R : Generic_Tsp_Route<V, E>
    where V : Generic_Tsp_Visit<E>
{
    public Double Time
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Time).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Concrete_Tsp_Element : Generic_Tsp_Element { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Visit : Generic_Tsp_Visit<Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Route : Generic_Tsp_Route<Concrete_Tsp_Visit, Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Tsp_Solution : Generic_Tsp_Solution<Concrete_Tsp_Route, Concrete_Tsp_Visit, Concrete_Tsp_Element> { }

public class Generic_Vrp_Element : Generic_Element
{
}

/// <summary>Visit to a Generic_Element</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E> : Generic_Visit<E>
{
    public Double Capacity { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Visits</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Route<R, V, E> : Generic_Route<V>
    where V : Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E>
{
    public Double Capacity
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Visits.Select(v => v.Capacity).Sum();
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>Collection of Routes</summary>
public class Generic_Vrp_Solution<S, R, V, E> : Generic_Solution<R, V>
    where R : Generic_Vrp_Route<R, V, E>
    where V : Generic_Vrp_Visit<V, E>
{
    public Double Capacity
    {
        get
        {
            return this.Routes.Select(r => r.Capacity).Sum();
        }
    }
}

public class Concrete_Vrp_Element : Generic_Vrp_Element { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Visit : Generic_Vrp_Visit<Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Route : Generic_Vrp_Route<Concrete_Vrp_Route, Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }

public class Concrete_Vrp_Solution : Generic_Vrp_Solution<Concrete_Vrp_Solution, Concrete_Vrp_Route, Concrete_Vrp_Visit, Concrete_Vrp_Element> { }