有没有一种在开发阶段用脚本快速更改数据库的键和外键的方法?

你可以用脚本来完成。

ALTER TABLE x ADD COLUMN y uniqueIdentifier null
GO
UPDATE TABLE x SET y = NEWID() --Or NEWSEQUENTIALID() if its safe
GO
ALTER TABLE x ALTER COLUMN y uniqueIdentifier NOT NULL
GO
ALTER TABLE x DROP CONSTRAINT PK_PrimaryKeyConstraintName
GO
ALTER TABLE x DROP COLUMN PrimaryKeyColumn
GO
ALTER TABLE x ADD CONSTRAINT PK_NewPrimaryKeyConstraint PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
( 
    y ASC 
)
GO

请注意,这不会处理您的外键约束,并且会中断,如果您有外键约束,这会变得有趣,但我相信您可以看到模式。

我假设唯一标识符是指身份。如果是这种情况,这里是示例脚本:

    BEGIN TRANSACTION
    CREATE TABLE dbo.Tmp_MyTable
        (
        ID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1)
        )  ON [PRIMARY]
    GO
    SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_MyTable ON
    GO
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.MyTable)
         EXEC('INSERT INTO dbo.Tmp_MyTable (ID)
            SELECT ID FROM dbo.MyTable TABLOCKX')
    GO
    SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_MyTable OFF
    GO
    DROP TABLE dbo.MyTable
    GO
    EXECUTE sp_rename N'dbo.Tmp_MyTable', N'MyTable', 'OBJECT'
    GO
    ALTER TABLE dbo.MyTable ADD CONSTRAINT
        PK_MyTable PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
        (
        ID
        ) ON [PRIMARY]

    GO
    COMMIT