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在makefile中,如何获得从一个绝对路径到另一个绝对路径的相对路径?

path makefile shell regex

x-x · 技术社区 · 16 年前

顶级生成文件

rootdir = $(realpath .)
export includedir = $(rootdir)/include
default:
    @$(MAKE) --directory=$(rootdir)/src/libs/libfoo

src/libfoo的Makefile

currentdir = $(realpath .)
includedir = $(function or magic to make a relative path
               from $(currentdir) to $(includedir),
               which in this example would be ../../../include)

current dir = /home/username/projects/app/trunk/src/libs/libfoo/ 
destination = /home/username/projects/app/build/libfoo/ 
relative    = ../../../../build/libfoo

如何做到这一点,同时尽量便携?

6 回复 | 直到 16 年前

Didier Trosset 16 年前

$(if 在makefile中,但不可移植(仅限于gmake)且繁琐。

我知道,你在试图解决你自己造成的问题。你为什么不把正确的价值 includedir

rootdir = $(realpath .)
default:
    @$(MAKE) --directory=$(rootdir)/src/libs/libfoo includedir=../../../include

$(includedir) 在子生成文件中。它已经被定义为相对的。

Mark Veltzer 10 年前

shell使用 实路径(1) 以及 --相对于

举个例子:

RELATIVE_FILE1_FILE2:=$(shell realpath --relative-to $(FILE1) $(FILE2))

您甚至可以通过调用 实路径(1) 因为它知道如何处理许多文件名。

举个例子:

RELATIVES:=$(shell realpath --relative-to $(RELATIVE) $(FILES))

djondal 6 年前

Python是可移植的!所以,我建议您在子基文件中使用这个简单的示例

current_dir 和 destination_dir 路径 os.path.relpath()

子密钥文件.mk

current_dir=$(CURDIR)
makefile_target:
    (echo "import os"; echo "print(os.path.relpath('$(destination_dir)', '$(current_dir)'))" )| python

Yale Zhang 10 年前

这里有一个解决方案使用GNU make函数。尽管它是递归的,但它应该比调用外部程序更有效。这个想法很直截了当:相对路径为零或更多。。上移到最常见的祖先,然后用后缀下移到第二个目录。困难的部分是在两条路径中找到最长的公共前缀。

# DOES not work if path has spaces
OneDirectoryUp=$(patsubst %/$(lastword $(subst /, ,$(1))),%,$(1))

# FindParentDir2(dir0, dir1, prefix)  returns prefix if dir0 and dir1
# start with prefix, otherwise returns
# FindParentDir2(dir0, dir1, OneDirectoryUp(prefix))
FindParentDir2=
$(if
  $(or
    $(patsubst $(3)/%,,$(1)),
    $(patsubst $(3)/%,,$(2))
   ),
   $(call FindParentDir2,$(1),$(2),$(call OneDirectoryUp,$(3))),
   $(3)
 )

FindParentDir=$(call FindParentDir2,$(1),$(2),$(1))

# how to make a variable with a space, courtesy of John Graham-Cumming 
# http://blog.jgc.org/2007/06/escaping-comma-and-space-in-gnu-make.html
space:= 
space+=

# dir1 relative to dir2 (dir1 and dir2 must be absolute paths)
RelativePath=$(subst
               $(space),
               ,
               $(patsubst
                 %,
                 ../,
                 $(subst
                   /,
                   ,
                   $(patsubst
                     $(call FindParentDir,$(1),$(2))/%,
                     %,
                     $(2)
                    )
                  )
                )
              )
             $(patsubst
               $(call FindParentDir,$(1),$(2))/%,
               %,
               $(1)
              )

# example of how to use (will give ..)
$(call RelativePath,/home/yale,/home/yale/workspace)

我最近将一大组递归makefile翻译成了一个完整的项目make,因为众所周知,递归make是不好的,因为它没有公开整个依赖关系图( http://aegis.sourceforge.net/auug97.pdf ). 所有源代码和库路径都是相对于当前makefile目录定义的。我没有定义固定数量的泛型%build规则,而是为每个(源代码目录、输出目录)对创建一组规则,这避免了使用vpath的模糊性。在创建构建规则时,我需要每个源代码目录的规范路径。虽然可以使用绝对路径,但它通常太长,而且不易移植(我碰巧使用了Cygwin GNU make,其中绝对路径有/cygdrive前缀,Windows程序无法识别)。因此,我大量使用这个函数来生成规范路径。

Norman Gray 16 年前

includedir=/a/b/c/d
currentdir=/a/b/e/f/g
up=; while ! expr $includedir : $currentdir >/dev/null; do up=../$up; currentdir=`dirname $currentdir`; done; relative=$up`expr $includedir : $currentdir'/*\(.*\)'`
echo "up=$up  currentdir=$currentdir, relative=$relative"

(没人说一定要漂亮……)

Alexander Shukaev 7 年前

纯品牌的强力滴入式解决方案:

override define \s :=
$() $()
endef

ifndef $(\s)
override $(\s) :=
else
$(error Defined special variable '$(\s)': reserved for internal use)
endif

override define dirname
$(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(patsubst %/,%,$1)))
endef

override define prefix_1
$(if $(or $\
$(patsubst $(abspath $3)%,,$(abspath $1)),$\
$(patsubst $(abspath $3)%,,$(abspath $2))),$\
$(strip $(call prefix_1,$1,$2,$(call dirname,$3))),$\
$(strip $(abspath $3)))
endef

override define prefix
$(call prefix_1,$1,$2,$1)
endef

override define relpath_1
$(patsubst /%,%,$(subst $(\s),/,$(patsubst %,..,$(subst /,$(\s),$\
$(patsubst $3%,%,$(abspath $2)))))$\
$(patsubst $3%,%,$(abspath $1)))
endef

override define relpath
$(call relpath_1,$1,$2,$(call prefix,$1,$2))
endef

$(info $(call prefix,/home/user,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user,/home/user/))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/,/home/user/))

$(info $(call relpath,/home/user,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user,/home/user/))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/,/home/user/))

$(info ----------------------------------------------------------------------)

$(info $(call prefix,/home/user,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user,/home/user/.local/share/))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/,/home/user/.local/share/))

$(info $(call relpath,/home/user,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user,/home/user/.local/share/))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/,/home/user/.local/share/))

$(info ----------------------------------------------------------------------)

$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.config,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.config,/home/user/.local/share/))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.config/,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.config/,/home/user/.local/share/))

$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.config,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.config,/home/user/.local/share/))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.config/,/home/user/.local/share))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.config/,/home/user/.local/share/))

$(info ----------------------------------------------------------------------)

$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/))

$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/))

$(info ----------------------------------------------------------------------)

$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/.config))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/.config/))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/.config))
$(info $(call prefix,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/.config/))

$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/.config))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share,/home/user/.config/))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/.config))
$(info $(call relpath,/home/user/.local/share/,/home/user/.config/))

$(info ----------------------------------------------------------------------)

$(info $(call prefix,/root,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/root,/home/user/))
$(info $(call prefix,/root/,/home/user))
$(info $(call prefix,/root/,/home/user/))

$(info $(call relpath,/root,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/root,/home/user/))
$(info $(call relpath,/root/,/home/user))
$(info $(call relpath,/root/,/home/user/))

预期结果:

/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user




----------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
../..
../..
../..
../..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
../../.config
../../.config
../../.config
../../.config
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
.local/share
.local/share
.local/share
.local/share
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
/home/user
../.local/share
../.local/share
../.local/share
../.local/share
----------------------------------------------------------------------




../../root
../../root
../../root
../../root

Slaven Rezic 5 年前

Perl是可移植的!下面是一个使用核心Perl模块文件::Spec(resp。文件::规范::函数):

current_dir= /home/username/projects/app/trunk/src/libs/libfoo/ 
destination= /home/username/projects/app/build/libfoo/ 
relative=    $(shell perl -MFile::Spec::Functions=abs2rel -E 'say abs2rel(shift, shift)' $(destination) $(current_dir))

makefile_target:
    @echo "Use now $(relative)"