展平相交时间跨度

这里有一个只支持SQL的解决方案。我在列中使用了日期时间。在我看来,把时间分开储存是一个错误,因为当时间过了午夜,你就会遇到问题。不过,如果需要的话,你可以调整它来处理这种情况。解决方案还假定开始和结束时间不为空。同样,如果情况并非如此,您可以根据需要进行调整。

解决方案的一般要点是获取所有不与任何其他跨度重叠的开始时间,获取所有不与任何跨度重叠的结束时间,然后将两者匹配在一起。

结果与您期望的结果相匹配,但有一种情况除外,这种情况下,手工检查似乎在您的预期输出中有错误。在第6天应该有一个跨度在2009-06-06 10:18:45.000结束。

SELECT
     ST.start_time,
     ET.end_time
FROM
(
     SELECT
          T1.start_time
     FROM
          dbo.Test_Time_Spans T1
     LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Test_Time_Spans T2 ON
          T2.start_time < T1.start_time AND
          T2.end_time >= T1.start_time
     WHERE
          T2.start_time IS NULL
) AS ST
INNER JOIN
(
     SELECT
          T3.end_time
     FROM
          dbo.Test_Time_Spans T3
     LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Test_Time_Spans T4 ON
          T4.end_time > T3.end_time AND
          T4.start_time <= T3.end_time
     WHERE
          T4.start_time IS NULL
) AS ET ON
     ET.end_time > ST.start_time
LEFT OUTER JOIN
(
     SELECT
          T5.end_time
     FROM
          dbo.Test_Time_Spans T5
     LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Test_Time_Spans T6 ON
          T6.end_time > T5.end_time AND
          T6.start_time <= T5.end_time
     WHERE
          T6.start_time IS NULL
) AS ET2 ON
     ET2.end_time > ST.start_time AND
     ET2.end_time < ET.end_time
WHERE
     ET2.end_time IS NULL

在 MySQL :

SELECT  grouper, MIN(start) AS group_start, MAX(end) AS group_end
FROM    (
        SELECT  start,
                end,
                @r := @r + (@edate < start) AS grouper,
                @edate := GREATEST(end, CAST(@edate AS DATETIME))
        FROM    (
                SELECT  @r := 0,
                        @edate := CAST('0000-01-01' AS DATETIME)
                ) vars,
                (
                SELECT  rn_date + INTERVAL TIME_TO_SEC(rn_start) SECOND AS start,
                        rn_date + INTERVAL TIME_TO_SEC(rn_end) SECOND + INTERVAL (rn_start > rn_end) DAY AS end
                FROM    t_ranges
                ) q
        ORDER BY
                start
        ) q
GROUP BY
        grouper
ORDER BY
        group_start

同样的决定 SQL Server 以下文章在我的博客中介绍:

• Flattening timespans: SQL Server

执行此操作的功能如下:

DROP FUNCTION fn_spans
GO
CREATE FUNCTION fn_spans(@p_from DATETIME, @p_till DATETIME)
RETURNS @t TABLE
        (
        q_start DATETIME NOT NULL,
        q_end DATETIME NOT NULL
        )
AS
BEGIN
        DECLARE @qs DATETIME
        DECLARE @qe DATETIME
        DECLARE @ms DATETIME
        DECLARE @me DATETIME
        DECLARE cr_span CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
        FOR
        SELECT  s_date + s_start AS q_start,
                s_date + s_stop + CASE WHEN s_start < s_stop THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS q_end
        FROM    t_span
        WHERE   s_date BETWEEN @p_from - 1 AND @p_till
                AND s_date + s_start >= @p_from
                AND s_date + s_stop <= @p_till
        ORDER BY
                q_start
        OPEN    cr_span
        FETCH   NEXT
        FROM    cr_span
        INTO    @qs, @qe
        SET @ms = @qs
        SET @me = @qe
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN
                FETCH   NEXT
                FROM    cr_span
                INTO    @qs, @qe
                IF @qs > @me
                BEGIN
                        INSERT
                        INTO    @t
                        VALUES (@ms, @me)
                        SET @ms = @qs
                END
                SET @me = CASE WHEN @qe > @me THEN @qe ELSE @me END
        END
        IF @ms IS NOT NULL 
        BEGIN
                INSERT
                INTO    @t
                VALUES  (@ms, @me)
        END
        CLOSE   cr_span
        RETURN
END

自从 SQL Server 缺少一种简单的方法来引用结果集中以前选定的行,这是在 SQL Server 比基于设置的决策更快地工作。

在测试 1,440,000 行,用于 24 全盘秒数,一天或两天内几乎是瞬间。

注意中的附加条件 SELECT 查询:

s_date BETWEEN @p_from - 1 AND @p_till

这似乎是多余的,但它实际上是一个粗糙的过滤器,用于创建索引 s_date 可用的。

类似问题如下:

Min effective and termdate for contiguous dates

fwiw i up投票推荐了Joe Celko的SQL for Smarties,第三版——重复:第三版(2005)——讨论了各种方法、设置基础和过程。

假设你:

• 有一些简单的自定义日期对象,它存储开始日期/时间和结束日期/时间
• 将行按排序顺序(按开始日期/时间)返回为列表, L ,日期
• 要创建日期的扁平列表, f

执行以下操作:

first = first row in L
flat_date.start = first.start, flat_date.end = first.end
For each row in L:
    if row.start < flat_date.end and row.end > flat_date.end: // adding on to a timespan
        flat_date.end = row.end
    else: // ending a timespan and starting a new one
        add flat_date to F
        flat_date.start = row.start, flat_date.end = row.end
add flat_date to F // adding the last timespan to the flattened list

这里有一个递归的CTE解决方案,但是我可以自由地为每一列指定日期和时间,而不是单独提取日期。有助于避免一些混乱的特殊情况代码。如果必须单独存储日期,我将使用CTE视图使其看起来像两个日期时间列,并使用此方法。

创建测试数据:

create table t1 (d1 datetime, d2 datetime)

insert t1 (d1,d2)
    select           '2009-06-03 10:00:00', '2009-06-03 14:00:00'
    union all select '2009-06-03 13:55:00', '2009-06-03 18:00:00'
    union all select '2009-06-03 17:55:00', '2009-06-03 23:00:00'
    union all select '2009-06-03 22:55:00', '2009-06-04 03:00:00'

    union all select '2009-06-04 03:05:00', '2009-06-04 07:00:00'

    union all select '2009-06-04 07:05:00', '2009-06-04 10:00:00'
    union all select '2009-06-04 09:55:00', '2009-06-04 14:00:00'

递归CTE:

;with dateRanges (ancestorD1, parentD1, d2, iter) as
(
--anchor is first level of collapse
    select
        d1 as ancestorD1,
        d1 as parentD1,
        d2,
        cast(0 as int) as iter
    from t1

--recurse as long as there is another range to fold in
    union all select
        tLeft.ancestorD1,
        tRight.d1 as parentD1,
        tRight.d2,
        iter + 1  as iter
    from dateRanges as tLeft join t1 as tRight
        --join condition is that the t1 row can be consumed by the recursive row
        on tLeft.d2 between tRight.d1 and tRight.d2
            --exclude identical rows
            and not (tLeft.parentD1 = tRight.d1 and tLeft.d2 = tRight.d2)
)
select
    ranges1.*
from dateRanges as ranges1
where not exists (
    select 1
    from dateRanges as ranges2
    where ranges1.ancestorD1 between ranges2.ancestorD1 and ranges2.d2
        and ranges1.d2 between ranges2.ancestorD1 and ranges2.d2
        and ranges2.iter > ranges1.iter
)

给出输出:

ancestorD1              parentD1                d2                      iter
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------
2009-06-04 03:05:00.000 2009-06-04 03:05:00.000 2009-06-04 07:00:00.000 0
2009-06-04 07:05:00.000 2009-06-04 09:55:00.000 2009-06-04 14:00:00.000 1
2009-06-03 10:00:00.000 2009-06-03 22:55:00.000 2009-06-04 03:00:00.000 3

为了帮助回答问题,以下是问题中给定的示例数据,这些示例数据位于类似hainstech的表变量中:

declare @T1 table (d1 datetime, d2 datetime)

insert @T1 (d1,d2)
select           '02 June 2009 05:55:28','02 June 2009 09:58:27'
union all select '02 June 2009 10:15:19','02 June 2009 13:58:24'
union all select '02 June 2009 13:58:24','02 June 2009 13:58:43'
union all select '03 June 2009 05:54:48','03 June 2009 10:00:13'
union all select '03 June 2009 09:26:45','03 June 2009 09:59:40'
union all select '03 June 2009 10:12:50','03 June 2009 10:27:25'
union all select '03 June 2009 10:13:12','03 June 2009 11:14:56'
union all select '03 June 2009 10:27:25','03 June 2009 10:27:31'
union all select '03 June 2009 10:27:39','03 June 2009 13:53:38'
union all select '03 June 2009 11:14:56','03 June 2009 11:15:03'
union all select '03 June 2009 11:15:30','03 June 2009 14:02:14'
union all select '03 June 2009 13:53:38','03 June 2009 13:53:43'
union all select '03 June 2009 14:02:14','03 June 2009 14:02:31'
union all select '04 June 2009 05:48:27','04 June 2009 09:58:59'
union all select '04 June 2009 06:00:00','04 June 2009 09:59:07'
union all select '04 June 2009 10:15:52','04 June 2009 13:54:52'
union all select '04 June 2009 10:16:01','04 June 2009 13:24:20'
union all select '04 June 2009 13:24:20','04 June 2009 13:24:24'
union all select '04 June 2009 13:24:32','04 June 2009 14:00:39'
union all select '04 June 2009 13:54:52','04 June 2009 13:54:58'
union all select '04 June 2009 14:00:39','04 June 2009 14:00:49'
union all select '05 June 2009 05:53:58','05 June 2009 09:59:12'
union all select '05 June 2009 10:16:05','05 June 2009 13:59:08'
union all select '05 June 2009 13:59:08','05 June 2009 13:59:16'
union all select '06 June 2009 06:04:00','06 June 2009 10:00:00'
union all select '06 June 2009 10:16:54','06 June 2009 10:18:40'
union all select '06 June 2009 10:18:40','06 June 2009 10:18:45'
union all select '06 June 2009 10:23:00','06 June 2009 13:57:00'
union all select '06 June 2009 10:23:48','06 June 2009 13:57:54'
union all select '06 June 2009 13:57:21','06 June 2009 13:57:38'
union all select '06 June 2009 13:57:54','06 June 2009 13:57:58'
union all select '07 June 2009 21:59:30','07 June 2009 01:58:49'
union all select '07 June 2009 22:12:16','07 June 2009 01:58:39'
union all select '07 June 2009 22:12:25','07 June 2009 01:58:28'
union all select '08 June 2009 02:10:33','08 June 2009 05:56:11'
union all select '08 June 2009 02:10:43','08 June 2009 05:56:23'
union all select '08 June 2009 02:10:49','08 June 2009 05:55:59'
union all select '08 June 2009 05:55:59','08 June 2009 05:56:01'
union all select '08 June 2009 05:56:11','08 June 2009 05:56:14'
union all select '08 June 2009 05:56:23','08 June 2009 05:56:27'

在Mahler5的回答上,我写了一个对DateTools的快速扩展。到目前为止,它已经通过了我所有的测试。

extension DTTimePeriodCollection {

    func flatten() {

        self.sortByStartAscending()

        guard let periods = self.periods() else { return }
        if periods.count < 1 { return }

        var flattenedPeriods = [DTTimePeriod]()
        let flatdate = DTTimePeriod()

        for period in periods {

            guard let periodStart = period.StartDate, let periodEnd = period.EndDate else { continue }

            if !flatdate.hasStartDate() { flatdate.StartDate = periodStart }
            if !flatdate.hasEndDate() { flatdate.EndDate = periodEnd }

            if periodStart.isEarlierThanOrEqualTo(flatdate.EndDate) && periodEnd.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(flatdate.EndDate) {

                flatdate.EndDate = periodEnd

            } else {

                flattenedPeriods.append(flatdate.copy())
                flatdate.StartDate = periodStart
                flatdate.EndDate = periodEnd
            }
        }

        flattenedPeriods.append(flatdate.copy())

        // delete all periods
        for var i = 0 ; i < periods.count ; i++ { self.removeTimePeriodAtIndex(0) }

        // add flattened periods to self
        for flat in flattenedPeriods { self.addTimePeriod(flat) }
    }