在cocoa/cocoa touch中,有没有一种方法可以在运行时动态地确定类的ivar?

你必须用 Objective-C Runtime functions .下面是一些非常基本的示例代码。注意,获取类的ivars并不能获得其超类的ivars。您需要显式地完成这项工作,但是函数在运行时就在那里。

#import <objc/objc-runtime.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Foo : NSObject
{
    int i1;
}
@end
@implementation Foo
@end

@interface Bar : Foo
{
    NSString* s1;
}

@end
@implementation Bar
@end

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    NSAutoreleasePool* pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    unsigned int count;
    Ivar* ivars = class_copyIvarList([Bar class], &count);
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    {
        NSLog(@"%@::%s", [Bar class], ivar_getName(ivars[i]));
    }
    free(ivars);


    [pool release];
}

我不确定是否只有ivar,但是如果您将它们定义为属性,就可以访问类上的可用属性。

我已经为几个项目使用了sqlitepsistentObjects,它有一些有用的代码,这些代码获取在类上定义的属性,以便在计算与sqlite之间的序列化时使用。

它使用函数类CopyPropertyList来获取类上可用的属性列表。

更具体地说:

+(NSDictionary *)propertiesWithEncodedTypes
{

    // DO NOT use a static variable to cache this, it will cause problem with subclasses of classes that are subclasses of SQLitePersistentObject

    // Recurse up the classes, but stop at NSObject. Each class only reports its own properties, not those inherited from its superclass
    NSMutableDictionary *theProps;

    if ([self superclass] != [NSObject class])
        theProps = (NSMutableDictionary *)[[self superclass] propertiesWithEncodedTypes];
    else
        theProps = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

    unsigned int outCount;


    objc_property_t *propList = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
    int i;

    // Loop through properties and add declarations for the create
    for (i=0; i < outCount; i++)
    {
        objc_property_t * oneProp = propList + i;
        NSString *propName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(*oneProp)];
        NSString *attrs = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: property_getAttributes(*oneProp)];
        NSArray *attrParts = [attrs componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
        if (attrParts != nil)
        {
            if ([attrParts count] > 0)
            {
                NSString *propType = [[attrParts objectAtIndex:0] substringFromIndex:1];
                [theProps setObject:propType forKey:propName];
            }
        }
    }

  free(propList);

    return theProps;    
}

这将返回一个属性字典-您需要对返回的结果进行一些调查,但如果使用属性,则应该能够获得所需的内容。

是的,完全可能:

int numIvars = 0;
Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([anInstanceOfAClass class], &numIvars);
NSMutableDictionary * pairs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
for (int i = 0; i < numIvars; ++i) {
  Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
  NSString * ivarName = [NSString stringWithCString:ivar_getName(ivar) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  id ivarValue = [anInstanceOfAClass valueForKey:ivarName];
  [pairs setObject:ivarValue forKey:ivarName];
}
free(ivars);
NSLog(@"%@", pairs);