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如何使用浓缩咖啡测试碎片?

  •  0
  • Vijayadhas Chandrasekaran  · 技术社区  · 6 年前

    嗨,我想用浓缩咖啡测试碎片。我在一个活动中有两个按钮,我在单击按钮的同时替换碎片。我的XML如下。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button1"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Fragment No.1"
            android:onClick="selectFrag" />
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button2"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="selectFrag"
            android:text="Fragment No.2" />
    
        <fragment
            android:name="com.example.admin1.espressotestingsample.fragment.FragmentOne"
            android:id="@+id/fragment_place"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    我有两个碎片。每个片段都有一个按钮和文本视图。

    碎片是

    FragmentOne XML:-

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:background="@android:color/holo_blue_bright">
    
        <TextView
            android:textSize="28dp"
            android:id="@+id/fragment_textview_one"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="First Fragment"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            />
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/fragment_button_one"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Button One"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    

    零碎的两个XML:

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_dark">
    
        <TextView
            android:textSize="28dp"
            android:id="@+id/fragment_textview_two"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Second Fragment"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/fragment_button_two"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Button Two"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    

    我的活动代码是

    public class ActivityFragment extends FragmentActivity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.fragment_activity);
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .replace(R.id.fragment_place, new FragmentOne()).addToBackStack(null)
                    .commit();
        }
    
        public void selectFrag(View view) {
            Fragment fr;
    
            if(view == findViewById(R.id.button2)) {
                fr = new FragmentTwo();
    
            }else {
                fr = new FragmentOne();
            }
    
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .replace(R.id.fragment_place, fr).addToBackStack(null)
                    .commit();
    
        }
    }
    

    我的测试用例正在跟踪。

     @Rule
        public ActivityTestRule<ActivityFragment> testRule =
                new ActivityTestRule<>(ActivityFragment.class);
    
        @Before
        public void init(){
            testRule.getActivity()
                    .getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        }
    
    @Test
    public void testSecondFragment() {  
      onView(withId(R.id.button2)).perform(click());
      onView(allOf(withId(R.id.fragment_textview_two),withEffectiveVisibility(VISIBLE))).
    check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }
    

    当我运行这个测试时,它工作得很好。但是当我尝试第二个的时候,我会出错。

    @Test
    public void testFirstFragment() {  
      onView(withId(R.id.button1)).perform(click());
      onView(allOf(withId(R.id.fragment_textview_one),withEffectiveVisibility(VISIBLE))).
    check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }
    

    但是当我运行这个测试时,我得到了以下错误。

    android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException: '(with id: com.example.admin1.espressotestingsample:id/fragment_textview_one and view has effective visibility=VISIBLE)' matches multiple views in the hierarchy.
    Problem views are marked with '****MATCHES****' below.
    
    View Hierarchy:
    +>DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1920, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params={(0,0)(fillxfill) ty=BASE_APPLICATION wanim=0x10302f8
    fl=LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR SPLIT_TOUCH HARDWARE_ACCELERATED DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS
    pfl=FORCE_DRAW_STATUS_BAR_BACKGROUND}, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
    |
    +->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1794, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.FrameLayout$LayoutParams@704500d, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
    |
    +-->ViewStub{id=16908682, res-name=action_mode_bar_stub, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams@4483bc2, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
    |
    +-->FrameLayout{id=16908290, res-name=content, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1731, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams@e334d10, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=63.0, child-count=1}
    |
    +--->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1731, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.FrameLayout$LayoutParams@9682a3c, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
    |
    +---->Button{id=2131165220, res-name=button1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams@4a073c5, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Fragment No.1, input-type=0, ime-target=true, has-links=false}
    |
    +---->Button{id=2131165221, res-name=button2, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams@af5811a, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=126.0, text=Fragment No.2, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
    |
    +---->ConstraintLayout{id=2131165244, res-name=fragment_place, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1479, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams@e5a94e6, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=252.0, child-count=4}
    |
    +----->TextView{id=2131165245, res-name=fragment_textview_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=479, height=100, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@5d3aa27, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=301.0, y=690.0, text=First Fragment, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false} ****MATCHES****
    |
    +----->Button{id=2131165242, res-name=fragment_button_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=286, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@a2184d4, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Button One, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
    |
    +----->ConstraintLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1479, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@bab1972, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
    |
    +------>TextView{id=2131165245, res-name=fragment_textview_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=479, height=100, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@9c6c1c3, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=301.0, y=690.0, text=First Fragment, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false} ****MATCHES****
    |
    +------>Button{id=2131165242, res-name=fragment_button_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=286, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@87c1a40, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Button One, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
    |
    +----->ConstraintLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=1479, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@30d5abe, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
    |
    +------>TextView{id=2131165245, res-name=fragment_textview_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=479, height=100, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@b49b71f, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=301.0, y=690.0, text=First Fragment, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false} ****MATCHES****
    |
    +------>Button{id=2131165242, res-name=fragment_button_one, visibility=VISIBLE, width=286, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout$LayoutParams@5289a6c, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Button One, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
    |
    +->View{id=16908336, res-name=navigationBarBackground, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=126, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.FrameLayout$LayoutParams@cded835, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=1794.0}
    |
    +->View{id=16908335, res-name=statusBarBackground, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1080, height=63, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, layout-params=android.widget.FrameLayout$LayoutParams@ec064ca, tag=null, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
    |
    at dalvik.system.VMStack.getThreadStackTrace(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Thread.getStackTrace(Thread.java:1538)
    at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.getUserFriendlyError(DefaultFailureHandler.java:88)
    at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.handle(DefaultFailureHandler.java:51)
    at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.waitForAndHandleInteractionResults(ViewInteraction.java:312)
    at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.check(ViewInteraction.java:297)
    at com.example.admin1.espressotestingsample.FragmentTest.testSecondFragment(FragmentTest.java:67)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at android.support.test.internal.runner.junit4.statement.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:80)...
    

    我很困惑。第一个代码正在工作。但第二个代码不起作用。请告诉我原因,并帮助我测试碎片。因为我的整个项目只是用片段构建的。

    1 回复  |  直到 6 年前
        1
  •  1
  •   Aaron    6 年前

    你的测试结果 AmbigousViewMatcherException 因为它找到了同一匹火柴的三只 withId(R.id.fragment_textview_one), withEffectiveVisibility(VISIBLE)) ,这意味着 FragmentOne 是创造出来的。

    在活动XML布局中,更改 fragment 在以下内容中:

    <fragment
        android:name="com.example.admin1.espressotestingsample.fragment.FragmentOne"
        android:id="@+id/fragment_place"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    

    其他类型的 ViewGroup 比如说 FrameLayout :

    <FrameLayout
        android:name="com.example.admin1.espressotestingsample.fragment.FragmentOne"
        android:id="@+id/fragment_place"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    

    我不确定第三个片段,但你不需要打电话 testRule.getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction() 尤其是当你在考试中没有用它做任何事情的时候。