如何使用sed和/或awk按照动态格式对文件中每行的元素重新排序

假设 I might receive... 使您能够将具有该值的字符串传递给awk:

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN {
    FS = ":"
    tmp = fmt
    sub(/^[^[:alpha:]]+/,"",tmp)
    split(tmp,flds,/[^[:alpha:]]+/)
    gsub(/[[:alpha:]]+/,"%s",fmt)
    fmt = fmt ORS
}
NR==1 {
    for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) {
        f[$i] = i
    }
    next
}
{ printf fmt, $(f[flds[1]]), $(f[flds[2]]), $(f[flds[3]]), $(f[flds[4]]) }

$ awk -v fmt='{age} [kilo] surname name' -f tst.awk file
{14} [40kg] Connor Peter
{56} [60kg] Head George

$ awk -v fmt='surname|name|age[[kilo]]' -f tst.awk file
Connor|Peter|14[[40kg]]
Head|George|56[[60kg]]

要让上面的内容起作用,必须有一些列的名称,如果您愿意,可以在脚本中硬编码,但我将其作为标题行添加到您的CSV中:

$ cat file
name:surname:age:kilo
Peter:Connor:14:40kg
George:Head:56:60kg

awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"; OFS=" "}{print "{"$3"}","["$4"]",$2,$1}' inputFile

给予:

{14} [40kg] Connor Peter
{56} [60kg] Head George

和

awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"; OFS="|"}{print $2,$1,$3"[["$2"]]"}' inputFile

Connor|Peter|14[[Connor]]
Head|George|56[[Head]]