如何在SQL Server中将左连接限制为第一个结果?

由于SQL Server 2000和排名函数已退出,您可以使子查询选择聚合:

SELECT UserID, MAX(PhoneNumber) AS HomePhone FROM [...] GROUP BY UserID

假设SQL Server 2005+,请使用行号:

LEFT JOIN (SELECT UserID, 
                  PhoneNumber AS HomePhone,
                  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY userid ORDER BY what?) AS rank
             FROM UserPhoneNumbers  upn
        LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes upnt ON upnt.UserPhoneNumberTypeID = upn.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
                                           AND upnt.PhoneNumberType='Home') AS tmpHomePhone
                ON tmpHomePhone.UserID = Users.UserID
               AND tmpHomePhone.rank = 1

当心点 what?

每当您只想从左表中选择顶行时 每行 在右边的表中,您应该考虑使用APPLY操作符而不是join,并移动join条件 里面 左连接:

SELECT  u.UserID, 
  u.FirstName, u.LastName,
  hn.PhoneNumber AS HomePhone
FROM Users u
OUTER APPLY (
 SELECT TOP(1) PhoneNumber 
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers upn
 LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes upt 
   ON upn.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=upt.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE upt.PhoneNumberType='Home'
 AND upn.UserID = u.UserID
 ORDER BY ...) as hn
...

Select Users.UserID,  Users.FirstName, Users.LastName
    , PhoneNumbers.HomePhone
    , PhoneNumbers.WorkPhone
    , PhoneNumbers.FaxNumber
From Users
    Left Join   (
                Select UPN.UserId
                    , Min ( Case When PN.PhoneNumberType = 'Home' Then UPN.PhoneNumber End ) As HomePhone
                    , Min ( Case When PN.PhoneNumberType = 'Work' Then UPN.PhoneNumber End ) As WorkPhone
                    , Min ( Case When PN.PhoneNumberType = 'Fax' Then UPN.PhoneNumber End ) As FaxPhone
                From UserPhoneNumbers As UPN
                        Join    (
                                Select Min(UPN1.UserPhoneNumberId) As MinUserPhoneNumberId
                                    , UPNT1.PhoneNumberType
                                From UserPhoneNumbers As UPN1
                                    Join UserPhoneNumberTypes As UPNT1
                                        On UPNT1.UserPhoneNumberTypeID = UPN1.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
                                Where UPNT1.PhoneNumberType In('Home', 'Work', 'Fax')
                                Group By UPN1.UserID, UPNT.PhoneNumberType
                                ) As PN
                            On PN.MinUserPhoneNumberId = UPN.UserPhoneNumberId
                Group By UPN.UserId
                ) As PhoneNumbers
    On PhoneNumbers.UserId = Users.UserId

在这个解决方案中,对于每个用户和电话号码类型,我从 UserPhoneNumbers 表(我猜列的名称是 UserPhoneNumberId ).

SELECT  Users.UserID, Users.FirstName, Users.LastName, hp.HomePhone,
        wp.WorkPhone, fn.FaxNumber
FROM Users
LEFT JOIN HomePhone hp ON hp.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN HomePhone hp2 ON hp2.UserID = Users.UserID AND hp2.ID < hp.ID
LEFT JOIN WorkPhone wp ON wp.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN WorkPhone wp2 ON wp2.UserID = Users.UserID AND wp2.ID < wp.ID
LEFT JOIN FaxNumber fn ON fn.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN FaxNumber fn2 ON fn2.UserID = Users.UserID AND fn2.ID < fn.ID
WHERE hp2.ID IS NULL AND wp2.ID IS NULL AND fn2.ID IS NULL

SQL Antipatterns .

当有两个相同类型的数字时,您必须定义“first”的含义,然后向联接添加一个条件,以便只有正确的记录符合条件。没有别的捷径了。

SELECT  Users.UserID, 
  Users.FirstName, Users.LastName,
  HomePhone, WorkPhone, FaxNumber

FROM Users

LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, min(PhoneNumber) AS HomePhone
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Home'
 GROUP BY userID) AS tmpHomePhone
 ON tmpHomePhone.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, min(PhoneNumber) AS WorkPhone
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Work'
 GROUP BY userID) AS tmpWorkPhone
 ON tmpWorkPhone.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, min(PhoneNumber) AS FaxNumber
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Fax'
 GROUP BY userID) AS tmpFaxNumber
 ON tmpFaxNumber.UserID = Users.UserID

除了min(),还可以使用max()。

或者你可以在一个小组里做:

SELECT  Users.UserID, 
  Users.FirstName, Users.LastName,
  max(HomePhone) as HomePhone,
  max(WorkPhone) as WorkPhone,
  max(FaxNumber) as FaxNumber

FROM Users

LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, PhoneNumber AS HomePhone
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Home') AS tmpHomePhone
 ON tmpHomePhone.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, PhoneNumber AS WorkPhone
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Work') AS tmpWorkPhone
 ON tmpWorkPhone.UserID = Users.UserID
LEFT JOIN
 (SELECT UserID, PhoneNumber AS FaxNumber
 FROM UserPhoneNumbers LEFT JOIN UserPhoneNumberTypes ON UserPhoneNumbers.UserPhoneNumberTypeID=UserPhoneNumberTypes.UserPhoneNumberTypeID
 WHERE UserPhoneNumberTypes.PhoneNumberType='Fax') AS tmpFaxNumber
 ON tmpFaxNumber.UserID = Users.UserID

等等,我只是想了解这个问题。

你有两张桌子:

用户(UserID-->x) 用户电话(用户ID、电话类型-->电话号码) 而且UserID/PhoneType不是唯一的。

首先,不需要临时表:

Select 
 x
from
 Users
inner join 
 (
   Select 
    top 1 y
   from
    FoneTypes
   where
    UserID = users.UseriD
   and phoneType = 'typex'
 ) as PhoneTypex on phonetypex.UserID = users.userID

还是我遗漏了什么?