如何在PHP中只读取文本文件的最后5行?

未测试的代码,但应该有效:

$file = file("filename.txt");
for ($i = max(0, count($file)-6); $i < count($file); $i++) {
  echo $file[$i] . "\n";
}

打电话 max 将处理少于6行的文件。

对于大型文件,使用file()将所有行读取到数组中有点浪费。以下是如何读取文件并维护最后5行的缓冲区:

$lines=array();
$fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
while(!feof($fp))
{
   $line = fgets($fp, 4096);
   array_push($lines, $line);
   if (count($lines)>5)
       array_shift($lines);
}
fclose($fp);

您可以通过一些关于可能的行长度的启发式方法对此进行更多优化,方法是寻找一个位置,例如,从末尾开始大约10行,如果不产生5行,则返回更远的位置。下面是一个简单的实现,它演示了:

//how many lines?
$linecount=5;

//what's a typical line length?
$length=40;

//which file?
$file="test.txt";

//we double the offset factor on each iteration
//if our first guess at the file offset doesn't
//yield $linecount lines
$offset_factor=1;


$bytes=filesize($file);

$fp = fopen($file, "r") or die("Can't open $file");


$complete=false;
while (!$complete)
{
    //seek to a position close to end of file
    $offset = $linecount * $length * $offset_factor;
    fseek($fp, -$offset, SEEK_END);


    //we might seek mid-line, so read partial line
    //if our offset means we're reading the whole file, 
    //we don't skip...
    if ($offset<$bytes)
        fgets($fp);

    //read all following lines, store last x
    $lines=array();
    while(!feof($fp))
    {
        $line = fgets($fp);
        array_push($lines, $line);
        if (count($lines)>$linecount)
        {
            array_shift($lines);
            $complete=true;
        }
    }

    //if we read the whole file, we're done, even if we
    //don't have enough lines
    if ($offset>=$bytes)
        $complete=true;
    else
        $offset_factor*=2; //otherwise let's seek even further back

}
fclose($fp);

var_dump($lines);

function ReadFromEndByLine($filename,$lines)
{

        /* freely customisable number of lines read per time*/
        $bufferlength = 5000;

        $handle = @fopen($filename, "r");
        if (!$handle) {
                echo "Error: can't find or open $filename<br/>\n";
                return -1;
        }

        /*get the file size with a trick*/
        fseek($handle, 0, SEEK_END);
        $filesize = ftell($handle);

        /*don't want to get past the start-of-file*/
        $position= - min($bufferlength,$filesize);

        while ($lines > 0) {

                if ($err=fseek($handle,$position,SEEK_END)) {  /* should not happen but it's better if we check it*/
                        echo "Error $err: something went wrong<br/>\n";
                        fclose($handle);
                        return $lines;
                }

                /* big read*/
                $buffer = fread($handle,$bufferlength);

                /* small split*/
                $tmp = explode("\n",$buffer);

                /*previous read could have stored a partial line in $aliq*/
                if ($aliq != "") {

                                /*concatenate current last line with the piece left from the previous read*/
                                $tmp[count($tmp)-1].=$aliq;
                }

                /*drop first line because it may not be complete*/
                $aliq = array_shift($tmp);

                $read = count($tmp);
                if ( $read >= $lines ) {   /*have read too much!*/

                        $tmp2 = array_slice($tmp,$read-$n);
                        /* merge it with the array which will be returned by the function*/
                        $lines = array_merge($tmp2,$lines);

                        /* break the cycle*/
                        $lines = 0;
                } elseif (-$position >= $filesize) {  /* haven't read enough but arrived at the start of file*/

                        //get back $aliq which contains the very first line of the file
                        $lines = array_merge($aliq,$tmp,$lines);

                        //force it to stop reading
                        $lines = 0;

                } else {              /*continue reading...*/

                        //add the freshly grabbed lines on top of the others
                        $lines = array_merge($tmp,$lines);

                        $lines -= $read;

                        //next time we want to read another block
                        $position -= $bufferlength;

                        //don't want to get past the start of file
                        $position = max($position, -$filesize);
                }
        }
        fclose($handle);

        return $lines;
}

对于较大的文件,这会很快,但对于简单的任务来说,代码太多,如果有较大的文件,请使用这个

readfromendbyline('myfile.txt',6);

如果您使用的是Linux系统,可以这样做:

$lines = `tail -5 /path/to/file.txt`;

否则,您必须计算行数并取最后5行,如下所示:

$all_lines = file('file.txt');
$last_5 = array_slice($all_lines , -5);

这是一个常见的面试问题。这是我去年被问到这个问题时写的。记住,您在堆栈溢出上获得的代码是使用 Creative Commons Share-Alike 具有 attribution required .

<?php

/**
 * Demonstrate an efficient way to search the last 100 lines of a file
 * containing roughly ten million lines for a sample string. This should
 * function without having to process each line of the file (and without making
 * use of the “tail” command or any external system commands). 
 */

$filename = '/opt/local/apache2/logs/karwin-access_log';
$searchString = 'index.php';
$numLines = 100;
$maxLineLength = 200;

$fp = fopen($filename, 'r');

$data = fseek($fp, -($numLines * $maxLineLength), SEEK_END);

$lines = array();
while (!feof($fp)) {
  $lines[] = fgets($fp);
}

$c = count($lines);
$i = $c >= $numLines? $c-$numLines: 0;
for (; $i<$c; ++$i) {
  if ($pos = strpos($lines[$i], $searchString)) {
    echo $lines[$i];
  }
}

这个解决方案确实假设了最大行长度。面试官问我,如果我不能做出这样的假设,我将如何解决这个问题,并且必须适应可能比我选择的任何最大长度更长的线条。

我告诉他任何软件项目都必须做出某些假设,但我可以测试 $c 小于所需的行数,如果不是, fseek() 以递增的方式后退(每次翻倍),直到我们得到足够的线路。

这个不用了 file() 因此,对于大型文件来说,它将更加高效;

<?php
function read_backward_line($filename, $lines, $revers = false)
{
    $offset = -1;
    $c = '';
    $read = '';
    $i = 0;
    $fp = @fopen($filename, "r");
    while( $lines && fseek($fp, $offset, SEEK_END) >= 0 ) {
        $c = fgetc($fp);
        if($c == "\n" || $c == "\r"){
            $lines--;
            if( $revers ){
                $read[$i] = strrev($read[$i]);
                $i++;
            }
        }
        if( $revers ) $read[$i] .= $c;
        else $read .= $c;
        $offset--;
    }
    fclose ($fp);
    if( $revers ){
        if($read[$i] == "\n" || $read[$i] == "\r")
            array_pop($read);
        else $read[$i] = strrev($read[$i]);
        return implode('',$read);
    }
    return strrev(rtrim($read,"\n\r"));
}
//if $revers=false function return->
//line 1000: i am line of 1000
//line 1001: and i am line of 1001
//line 1002: and i am last line
//but if $revers=true function return->
//line 1002: and i am last line
//line 1001: and i am line of 1001
//line 1000: i am line of 1000
?>

这里的大多数选项都假定将文件读取到内存中,然后使用行。如果文件太大,这不是个好主意

我认为最好的方法是使用一些操作系统实用程序,比如Unix中的“tail”。

exec('tail -3 /logs/reports/2017/02-15/173606-arachni-2415.log', $output);
echo $output;

// 2017-02-15 18:03:25 [*] Path Traversal: Analyzing response ...
// 2017-02-15 18:03:27 [*] Path Traversal: Analyzing response ...
// 2017-02-15 18:03:27 [*] Path Traversal: Analyzing response ...

PHP的 file() 函数将整个文件读取到一个数组中。 此解决方案需要最少的输入量:

$data = array_slice(file('file.txt'), -5);

foreach ($data as $line) {
    echo $line;
}

打开大文件 file() 可以生成一个大数组,保留相当大的内存块。

您可以使用 SplFileObject 因为它遍历每一行。

使用 seek 方法(方法) seekableiterator )取最后一行。然后您应该将当前键值减去5。

要获取最后一行,请使用 PHP_INT_MAX . (是的,这是一个解决方法。)

$file = new SplFileObject('large_file.txt', 'r');

$file->seek(PHP_INT_MAX);

$last_line = $file->key();

$lines = new LimitIterator($file, $last_line - 5, $last_line);

print_r(iterator_to_array($lines));

此功能适用于4GB以下的大型文件。这种速度来自于读取一大块数据,而不是一次读取一个字节并计算行数。

// Will seek backwards $n lines from the current position
function seekLineBackFast($fh, $n = 1){
    $pos = ftell($fh);
    if ($pos == 0)
        return false;

    $posAtStart = $pos;

    $readSize = 2048*2;
    $pos = ftell($fh);
    if(!$pos){
            fseek($fh, 0, SEEK_SET);
            return false;
    }

    // we want to seek 1 line before the line we want.
    // so that we can start at the very beginning of the line
    while ($n >= 0) {
        if($pos == 0)
                    break;
            $pos -= $readSize;
            if($pos <= 0){
                    $pos = 0;
            }

            // fseek returns 0 on success and -1 on error
            if(fseek($fh, $pos, SEEK_SET)==-1){
                    fseek($fh, 0, SEEK_SET);
                    break;
            }
            $data = fread($fh, $readSize);
            $count = substr_count($data, "\n");
            $n -= $count;

            if($n < 0)
                    break;
    }
    fseek($fh, $pos, SEEK_SET);
    // we may have seeked too far back
    // so we read one line at a time forward
    while($n < 0){
            fgets($fh);
            $n++;
    }
    // just in case?
    $pos = ftell($fh);
    if(!$pos)
        fseek($fh, 0, SEEK_SET);

    // check that we have indeed gone back
    if ($pos >= $posAtStart)
        return false;

    return $pos;
}

在运行上述函数之后,您可以在一个循环中执行fgets(),一次从$fh读取每一行。

您可以使用我的小助手库(2个函数)

https://github.com/jasir/file-helpers

然后只需使用:

//read last 5 lines
$lines = \jasir\FileHelpers\FileHelpers::readLastLines($pathToFile, 5);

我已经测试过这个了。它对我有用。

function getlast($filename,$linenum_to_read,$linelength){

   // this function takes 3 arguments;


   if (!$linelength){ $linelength = 600;}
$f = fopen($filename, 'r');
$linenum = filesize($filename)/$linelength;

    for ($i=1; $i<=($linenum-$linenum_to_read);$i++) {
    $data = fread($f,$linelength);
    }
echo "<pre>";       
    for ($j=1; $j<=$linenum_to_read+1;$j++) {
    echo fread($f,$linelength);
    }

echo "</pre><hr />The filesize is:".filesize("$filename");
}

getlast("file.txt",6,230);


?>

RAM数量最少,输出良好。我同意保罗·狄克逊的观点…

$lines=array();
$fp = fopen("userlog.txt", "r");
while(!feof($fp))
{
 $line = fgets($fp, 4096);
 array_push($lines, $line);
 if (count($lines)>25)
   array_shift($lines);
}
fclose($fp);

while ($a <= 10) {
$a++;
echo "<br>".$lines[$a];
}

$dosya = "../dosya.txt";
$array = explode("\n", file_get_contents($dosya));
$reversed = array_reverse($array);
for($x = 0; $x < 6; $x++) 
{
    echo $reversed[$x];
}

这是我的解决方案:

/**
 *
 * Reads N lines from a file
 *
 * @param type $file       path
 * @param type $maxLines   Count of lines to read
 * @param type $reverse    set to true if result should be reversed.
 * @return string
 */
public function readLinesFromFile($file, $maxLines, $reverse=false)
{
    $lines = file($file);

    if ($reverse) {
        $lines = array_reverse($lines);
    }

    $tmpArr = array();

    if ($maxLines > count($lines))
        exit("\$maxLines ist größer als die Anzahl der Zeilen in der Datei.");

    for ($i=0; $i < $maxLines; $i++) {
        array_push($tmpArr, $lines[$i]);
    }

    if ($reverse) {
        $tmpArr = array_reverse($tmpArr);
    }

    $out = "";
    for ($i=0; $i < $maxLines; $i++) {
        $out .= $tmpArr[$i] . "</br>";
    }

    return $out;
}

如果你的行间用CR隔开,或者你想试试 exploding 您的$data变量:

$lines = explode("\n", $data);

$lines最终应该是一个数组,您可以使用sizeof()计算出记录的数量,然后只得到最后5个。

这是从文本文件中读取的最后10行

$data = array_slice(file('logs.txt'),10);

    foreach ($data as $line) 

    {

        echo $line."<br/>";
    }