用C#4对动态物体进行鸭式试验

试试这个:

    using System.Linq;
    using System.Reflection;
    //...
    public dynamic Quack(dynamic duck, int i)
    {
        Object obj = duck as Object;

        if (duck != null)
        {
            //check if object has method Quack()
            MethodInfo method = obj.GetType().GetMethods().
                            FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name == "Quack");

            //if yes
            if (method != null)
            {

                //invoke and return value
                return method.Invoke((object)duck, null);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    public static dynamic Quack(dynamic duck)
    {
        try
        {
            //invoke and return value
            return duck.Quack();
        }
        //thrown if method call failed
        catch (RuntimeBinderException)
        {
            return null;
        }        
    }

DynamicObject 类,该类定制为在调用不存在的方法时不会失败:

快速而肮脏的版本如下所示:

public class DynamicAnimal : DynamicObject
{
    public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result)
    {
        bool success = base.TryInvokeMember(binder, args, out result);

        // If the method didn't exist, ensure the result is null
        if (!success) result = null;

        // Always return true to avoid Exceptions being raised
        return true;
    }
}

然后可以执行以下操作:

public class Duck : DynamicAnimal
{
    public string Quack()
    {
        return "QUACK!";
    }
}

public class Cow : DynamicAnimal
{
    public string Moo()
    {
        return "Mooooo!";
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var duck = new Duck();
        var cow = new Cow();

        Console.WriteLine("Can a duck quack?");
        Console.WriteLine(DoQuack(duck));
        Console.WriteLine("Can a cow quack?");
        Console.WriteLine(DoQuack(cow));
        Console.ReadKey();
    }

    public static string DoQuack(dynamic animal)
    {
        string result = animal.Quack();
        return result ?? "... silence ...";
    }
}

Can a duck quack?
QUACK!
Can a cow quack?
... silence ...

动态对象 . 你可以写这样的方法 bool HasMember(string memberName)

为每个IDynamicMetaObjectProvider实现HasProperty方法,而不引发RuntimeBinderException。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Dynamic;
using Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;


namespace DynamicCheckPropertyExistence
{
    class Program
    {        
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            dynamic testDynamicObject = new ExpandoObject();
            testDynamicObject.Name = "Testovaci vlastnost";

            Console.WriteLine(HasProperty(testDynamicObject, "Name"));
            Console.WriteLine(HasProperty(testDynamicObject, "Id"));            
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private static bool HasProperty(IDynamicMetaObjectProvider dynamicProvider, string name)
        {



            var defaultBinder = Binder.GetMember(CSharpBinderFlags.None, name, typeof(Program),
                             new[]
                                     {
                                         CSharpArgumentInfo.Create(
                                         CSharpArgumentInfoFlags.None, null)
                                     }) as GetMemberBinder;


            var callSite = CallSite<Func<CallSite, object, object>>.Create(new NoThrowGetBinderMember(name, false, defaultBinder));


            var result = callSite.Target(callSite, dynamicProvider);

            if (Object.ReferenceEquals(result, NoThrowExpressionVisitor.DUMMY_RESULT))
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;

        }



    }

    class NoThrowGetBinderMember : GetMemberBinder
    {
        private GetMemberBinder m_innerBinder;        

        public NoThrowGetBinderMember(string name, bool ignoreCase, GetMemberBinder innerBinder) : base(name, ignoreCase)
        {
            m_innerBinder = innerBinder;            
        }

        public override DynamicMetaObject FallbackGetMember(DynamicMetaObject target, DynamicMetaObject errorSuggestion)
        {


            var retMetaObject = m_innerBinder.Bind(target, new DynamicMetaObject[] {});            

            var noThrowVisitor = new NoThrowExpressionVisitor();
            var resultExpression = noThrowVisitor.Visit(retMetaObject.Expression);

            var finalMetaObject = new DynamicMetaObject(resultExpression, retMetaObject.Restrictions);
            return finalMetaObject;

        }

    }

    class NoThrowExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
    {        
        public static readonly object DUMMY_RESULT = new DummyBindingResult();

        public NoThrowExpressionVisitor()
        {

        }

        protected override Expression VisitConditional(ConditionalExpression node)
        {

            if (node.IfFalse.NodeType != ExpressionType.Throw)
            {
                return base.VisitConditional(node);
            }

            Expression<Func<Object>> dummyFalseResult = () => DUMMY_RESULT;
            var invokeDummyFalseResult = Expression.Invoke(dummyFalseResult, null);                                    
            return Expression.Condition(node.Test, node.IfTrue, invokeDummyFalseResult);
        }

        private class DummyBindingResult {}       
    }
}

http://code.google.com/p/impromptu-interface/ 似乎是一个很好的接口映射动态对象。。。这比我希望的要多一些,但似乎是所展示示例的最干净的实现。。。保持Simon的答案正确,因为它仍然是最接近我想要的,但是即兴的接口方法非常好。

最短的路径是调用它,如果方法不存在,则处理异常。我来自Python,这种方法在duck类型中很常见,但我不知道它是否在C#4中广泛使用。。。

自从我的机器上没有VC 2010以来,我就没有测试过自己

dynamic Quack(dynamic duck)
{
    try
    {
        return duck.Quack();
    }
    catch (RuntimeBinderException)
    { return null; }
}