MySQL 8.0现在支持
windowing functions
,就像几乎所有流行的SQL实现一样。使用这种标准语法,我们可以编写最大的n个分组查询:
WITH ranked_messages AS (
SELECT m.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY id DESC) AS rn
FROM messages AS m
)
SELECT * FROM ranked_messages WHERE rn = 1;
这种方法和其他寻找
groupwise maximal rows
如MySQL手册所示。
以下是我在2009年为这个问题写的原始答案:
我这样写解决方案:
SELECT m1.*
FROM messages m1 LEFT JOIN messages m2
ON (m1.name = m2.name AND m1.id < m2.id)
WHERE m2.id IS NULL;
关于性能,根据数据的性质,一种或另一种解决方案可能更好。因此,您应该测试这两个查询,并在给定数据库的情况下使用性能更好的查询。
例如,我有一份
StackOverflow August data dump
。我将使用它进行基准测试。这一行有1114357行
Posts
桌子这是在运行
MySQL
5.0.75在我的Macbook Pro 2.40GHz上。
我将编写一个查询来查找给定用户ID(我的)的最新帖子。
首先使用技术
shown
作者@Eric和
GROUP BY
在子查询中:
SELECT p1.postid
FROM Posts p1
INNER JOIN (SELECT pi.owneruserid, MAX(pi.postid) AS maxpostid
FROM Posts pi GROUP BY pi.owneruserid) p2
ON (p1.postid = p2.maxpostid)
WHERE p1.owneruserid = 20860;
1 row in set (1 min 17.89 sec)
甚至
EXPLAIN
analysis
耗时超过16秒:
+----+-------------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+--------------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+--------------+---------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 76756 | |
| 1 | PRIMARY | p1 | eq_ref | PRIMARY,PostId,OwnerUserId | PRIMARY | 8 | p2.maxpostid | 1 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | pi | index | NULL | OwnerUserId | 8 | NULL | 1151268 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+--------------+---------+-------------+
3 rows in set (16.09 sec)
现在使用
my technique
具有
LEFT JOIN
:
SELECT p1.postid
FROM Posts p1 LEFT JOIN posts p2
ON (p1.owneruserid = p2.owneruserid AND p1.postid < p2.postid)
WHERE p2.postid IS NULL AND p1.owneruserid = 20860;
1 row in set (0.28 sec)
这个
解释
分析表明,这两个表都可以使用它们的索引:
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | p1 | ref | OwnerUserId | OwnerUserId | 8 | const | 1384 | Using index |
| 1 | SIMPLE | p2 | ref | PRIMARY,PostId,OwnerUserId | OwnerUserId | 8 | const | 1384 | Using where; Using index; Not exists |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这是我的DDL
帖子
表:
CREATE TABLE `posts` (
`PostId` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
`PostTypeId` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`AcceptedAnswerId` bigint(20) unsigned default NULL,
`ParentId` bigint(20) unsigned default NULL,
`CreationDate` datetime NOT NULL,
`Score` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`ViewCount` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`Body` text NOT NULL,
`OwnerUserId` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`OwnerDisplayName` varchar(40) default NULL,
`LastEditorUserId` bigint(20) unsigned default NULL,
`LastEditDate` datetime default NULL,
`LastActivityDate` datetime default NULL,
`Title` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
`Tags` varchar(150) NOT NULL default '',
`AnswerCount` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`CommentCount` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`FavoriteCount` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`ClosedDate` datetime default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`PostId`),
UNIQUE KEY `PostId` (`PostId`),
KEY `PostTypeId` (`PostTypeId`),
KEY `AcceptedAnswerId` (`AcceptedAnswerId`),
KEY `OwnerUserId` (`OwnerUserId`),
KEY `LastEditorUserId` (`LastEditorUserId`),
KEY `ParentId` (`ParentId`),
CONSTRAINT `posts_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`PostTypeId`) REFERENCES `posttypes` (`PostTypeId`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
评论者注意:如果您想要另一个具有不同版本MySQL、不同数据集或不同表设计的基准测试,可以自己做。我已经展示了上面的技巧。Stack Overflow在这里向您展示如何进行软件开发工作,而不是为您完成所有工作。