如何将依赖注入MVVM视图模型类?

我熟悉WPF和MVVM模式。现在,我正在用Autofac在我的新WPF应用程序中练习依赖项注入模式。我想弄清楚如何将依赖注入MVVM视图模型类。

正如下面所附的代码,我有一个根视图模型类 MainViewModel ,它可以创建其他视图模型(例如。 MonitorPageViewModel )需要时的实例。在里面 监视器页面视图模型 ,它还需要创建其他子视图模型(例如。 MonitorDashboardViewModel )需要时的实例。所有这些视图模型可能都有几个依赖项( ILogger ,则, IRepository<RawMessage> ,则, IParsingService ,等等)。

在我以前没有使用任何IoC容器的WPF项目中,我总是 new 需要时在父视图模型中创建子视图模型,并使用ServiceLocator提供所需的服务。现在,我想弄清楚 一种更具依赖性的注入方式 这样做。

我有几种方法(在下面的代码中演示),但我对其中任何一种都不满意。

1. 使用IoC容器获取要创建的响应 主视图模型 ;并将IoC容器实例注入 主视图模型 ;然后,使用IoC容器实例来解析子视图模型构造函数所需的每个对象。如果子视图模型类需要解析其他类,则将IoC注入其中。[ 听起来是另一个ServiceLocator ]。
2. 注入所需的所有服务 主视图模型 及其后代视图模型,并沿视图模型链传递服务。和 新 所需的视图模型实例。[ 需要注入大量服务,并将其传递下去 ]

我不想使用MVVM框架,例如 Caliburn.Micro 在本项目中。有没有简单而优雅的解决方案?

public interface ILogger
{
    // ...
}

public interface IRepository<T>
{
    // ...
}

public interface IStatisticsService
{
    // ...
}

public class RawMessage
{
    // ...
}

public class Device
{
    // ...
}

public class Parser
{
    // ...
}


public interface IParsingService
{
    void Parse(Parser parser);
}

public class DockPaneViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    // ...
}

public class HomePageViewModel : DockPaneViewModel
{
    public HomePageViewModel(ILogger logger)
    {
        // ...
    }
}

public class MonitorDashboardViewModel : DockPaneViewModel
{
    public MonitorDashboardViewModel(IStatisticsService statisticsService)
    {
        // ...
    }
}

public class MonitorPageViewModel : DockPaneViewModel
{
    public MonitorPageViewModel(ILogger logger, IRepository<RawMessage> repository,
        IRepository<Parser> parserRepository, IParsingService parsingService)
    {
        // ...
    }

    public void CreateDashboard()
    {
        IStatisticsService statisticsService = ??; // how to resolve the service?
        var dashBoardVm = new MonitorDashboardViewModel(statisticsService); // how to create this? 
    }
}

public class ResourceManagementViewModel : DockPaneViewModel
{
    public ResourceManagementViewModel(ILogger logger, IRepository<Device> deviceRepository)
    {
        // ...
    }
}

这是 主视图模型 有替代施工人员

public class MainViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    public ObservableCollection<DockPaneViewModel> DockPanes
    {
        get;
        set;
    } = new ObservableCollection<DockPaneViewModel>();

    #region approach 1
    // use the IOC container take the response to create MainViewModel;
    // and inject the Ioc Container instance to MainViewModel;
    // then, use the IOC container instance to resovle every thing the child view models need
    private readonly ISomeIocContainer _ioc;
    public MainViewModel(ISomeIocContainer ioc)
    {
        _ioc = ioc;
    }

    public void ResetPanes_1()
    {
        DockPanes.Clear();
        DockPanes.Add(new HomePageViewModel(_ioc.Resolve<ILogger>())); // how to new child view model and how to provide the constructor parameters?
        DockPanes.Add(new MonitorPageViewModel(_ioc.Resolve<ILogger>(),
            _ioc.Resolve< IRepository<RawMessage>>(), 
            _ioc.Resolve<IRepository<Parser>>(),
            _ioc.Resolve<IParsingService>())); // also need to inject ISomeIocContainer to MonitorDashboardViewModel for resolve IStatisticsService
        DockPanes.Add(new ResourceManagementViewModel(_ioc.Resolve<ILogger>(), 
            _ioc.Resolve<IRepository<Device>>()));
        // add other panes
    }
    #endregion

    #region approach 2
    // pasing all dependencies of MainViewModel and all descendant View Models in to MainViewModel,
    // and pass dependencies along the ViewModel chain.
    private readonly ILogger _logger;
    private readonly IRepository<RawMessage> _repository;
    private readonly IRepository<Parser> _parserRepository;
    private readonly IRepository<Device> _deviceRepository;
    private readonly IParsingService _parsingService;
    private readonly IStatisticsService _statisticsService;
    public MainViewModel(ILogger logger, IRepository<RawMessage> repository,
        IRepository<Parser> parserRepository, IRepository<Device> deviceRepository,
        IParsingService parsingService, IStatisticsService statisticsService)
    {
        _logger = logger;
        _repository = repository;
        _parserRepository = parserRepository;
         _deviceRepository = deviceRepository;
        _parsingService = parsingService;
        _statisticsService = statisticsService;
    }

    public void ResetPanes_2()
    {
        DockPanes.Clear();
        DockPanes.Add(new HomePageViewModel(_logger)); // how to new child view model and how to provide the constructor parameters?
        DockPanes.Add(new MonitorPageViewModel(_logger, _repository, _parserRepository, _parsingService)); // also need pass statisticsService down 
        DockPanes.Add(new ResourceManagementViewModel(_logger, _deviceRepository));
        // add other panes
    }
    #endregion
}