通过Excel2010,我发现Evan Mulawski的解决方案不起作用。尝试调用.waitForInputIdle时引发异常,因为当打开第二个(或第三个或第四个)Excel电子表格时,开始检测第一个Excel实例的Excel进程会通知它打开文档,然后立即关闭。这意味着您的进程对象不再具有要调用的进程。WaitForInputIdle。
我用下面的助手类解决了这个问题。我没有对Excel以外的应用程序进行过广泛的测试,但是它可以很好地集中于Excel,理论上它可以与任何“单实例”应用程序一起工作。
打电话就行了
ShellHelpers.OpenFileWithFocus("C:\Full\Path\To\file.xls")
使用它。
感谢Evan Mulawski提供的原始代码概念,这是我建立在以下基础上的:
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
namespace Resolv.Extensions.System.UI
{
public static class ShellHelpers
{
private const long FindExecutable_SE_ERR_FNF = 2; //The specified file was not found.
private const long FindExecutable_SE_ERR_PNF = 3; // The specified path is invalid.
private const long FindExecutable_SE_ERR_ACCESSDENIED = 5; // The specified file cannot be accessed.
private const long FindExecutable_SE_ERR_OOM = 8; // The system is out of memory or resources.
private const long FindExecutable_SE_ERR_NOASSOC = 31; // There is no association for the specified file type with an executable file.
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("shell32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindExecutable")]
private static extern long FindExecutableA(string lpFile, string lpDirectory, StringBuilder lpResult);
private class ProcessInfo
{
public string ProcessPath { get; set; }
public Process Process { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Opens the specified file in the default associated program, and sets focus to
/// the opened program window. The focus setting is required for applications,
/// such as Microsoft Excel, which re-use a single process and may not set focus
/// when opening a second (or third etc) file.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool OpenFileWithFocus(string filePath)
{
string exePath;
if (!TryFindExecutable(filePath, out exePath))
{
return false;
}
Process viewerProcess = new Process();
viewerProcess.StartInfo.FileName = exePath;
viewerProcess.StartInfo.Verb = "open";
viewerProcess.StartInfo.ErrorDialog = true;
viewerProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = filePath;
ProcessInfo info = new ProcessInfo() {Process = viewerProcess, ProcessPath = exePath};
viewerProcess.Start();
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(SetWindowFocusForProcess, info);
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// To be run in a background thread: Attempts to set focus to the
/// specified process, or another process from the same executable.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processInfo"></param>
private static void SetWindowFocusForProcess(object processInfo)
{
ProcessInfo windowProcessInfo = processInfo as ProcessInfo;
if (windowProcessInfo == null)
return;
int tryCount = 0;
Process process = windowProcessInfo.Process;
while (tryCount < 5)
{
try
{
process.WaitForInputIdle(1000); // This may throw an exception if the process we started is no longer running
IntPtr hWnd = process.MainWindowHandle;
if (SetForegroundWindow(hWnd))
{
break;
}
}
catch
{
// Applications that ensure a single process will have closed the
// process we opened earlier and handed the command line arguments to
// another process. We should find the "single" process for the
// requested application.
if (process == windowProcessInfo.Process)
{
Process newProcess = GetFirstProcessByPath(windowProcessInfo.ProcessPath);
if (newProcess != null)
process = newProcess;
}
}
tryCount++;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the first process (running instance) of the specified
/// executable.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="executablePath"></param>
/// <returns>A Process object, if any instances of the executable could be found running - otherwise NULL</returns>
public static Process GetFirstProcessByPath(string executablePath)
{
Process result;
if (TryGetFirstProcessByPath(executablePath, out result))
return result;
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the first process (running instance) of the specified
/// executable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="executablePath"></param>
/// <param name="process"></param>
/// <returns>TRUE if an instance of the specified executable could be found running</returns>
public static bool TryGetFirstProcessByPath(string executablePath, out Process process)
{
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcesses();
foreach (var item in processes)
{
if (string.Equals(item.MainModule.FileName, executablePath, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
{
process = item;
return true;
}
}
process = null;
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Return system default application for specified file
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string FindExecutable(string filePath)
{
string result;
TryFindExecutable(filePath, out result, raiseExceptions: true);
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Attempts to find the associated application for the specified file
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <param name="executablePath"></param>
/// <returns>TRUE if an executable was associated with the specified file. FALSE
/// if there was an error, or an association could not be found</returns>
public static bool TryFindExecutable(string filePath, out string executablePath)
{
return TryFindExecutable(filePath, out executablePath, raiseExceptions: false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Attempts to find the associated application for the specified file. Throws
/// exceptions if the file could not be opened or does not exist, but returns
/// FALSE when there is no application associated with the file type.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <param name="executablePath"></param>
/// <param name="raiseExceptions"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool TryFindExecutable(string filePath, out string executablePath, bool raiseExceptions)
{
// Anytime a C++ API returns a zero-terminated string pointer as a parameter
// you need to use a StringBuilder to accept the value instead of a
// System.String object.
StringBuilder oResultBuffer = new StringBuilder(1024);
long lResult = 0;
lResult = FindExecutableA(filePath, string.Empty, oResultBuffer);
if (lResult >= 32)
{
executablePath = oResultBuffer.ToString();
return true;
}
switch (lResult)
{
case FindExecutable_SE_ERR_NOASSOC:
executablePath = "";
return false;
case FindExecutable_SE_ERR_FNF:
case FindExecutable_SE_ERR_PNF:
if (raiseExceptions)
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("File \"{0}\" not found. Cannot determine associated application.", filePath));
}
break;
case FindExecutable_SE_ERR_ACCESSDENIED:
if (raiseExceptions)
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("Access denied to file \"{0}\". Cannot determine associated application.", filePath));
}
break;
default:
if (raiseExceptions)
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("Error while finding associated application for \"{0}\". FindExecutableA returned {1}", filePath, lResult));
}
break;
}
executablePath = null;
return false;
}
}
}
另外,helper类还有一些其他有用的方法(例如查找特定可执行文件的运行实例,或者确定特定文件是否有关联的应用程序)。
更新:
实际上,它似乎是Excel2010
做
调用process时启动单独的进程。从Excel可执行文件开始,这意味着我的代码查找同一.exe的其他实例对于Excel来说不是必需的,并且从不运行。
当我开始使用Evan Mulawski的解决方案时,我正在调用process.start从我试图打开的csv开始,这意味着Excel维护了一个进程(因此导致了异常)。
可能运行excel exe(在不知何故地找出它在PC上的位置之后)是Evan在回答中建议的,我可能误解了。
总之,作为一个额外的好处,运行Excel exe(而不是调用process.start在csv或xls文件上)意味着您将获得单独的Excel实例,这也意味着您将获得单独的Excel
窗户
可以放在不同的显示器上,也可以在同一屏幕上并排查看。通常,双击Excel文件(在2013年之前的Excel版本中)时,它们都会在同一个Excel实例/窗口中打开,无法平铺或放置在单独的监视器上,因为2013年之前的Excel版本仍然是单文档界面(糟糕!)
干杯
丹尼尔
