Java循环优化

给出以下(直接)代码:

public class pr1 {

    public static void f1(){
        long sx = 0, s;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(long i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i){
            sx += i;
        }
        System.out.println("f1(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f2(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        while(i-->0){
            sx+=i;
        }
        sx += Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        System.out.println("f2(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f3(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        while(--i>0){
            sx+=i;
        }
        sx += Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        System.out.println("f3(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f4(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        do{
            sx+=i;
        }while(--i>0);
        System.out.println("f4(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        f1();
        f2();
        f3();
        f4();
    }
}

以及运行代码后的实际结果:

f1(): 5828
f2(): 8125
f3(): 3406
f4(): 3781

你能给我解释一下大时差吗?理论上,循环实现了相同的功能,但在实践中,似乎四个版本中的每一个都有相关的时间差。

重复执行之后,结果非常相似。

后期编辑 作为另一个测试,我重写了主要方法:

public static void main(String args[]){
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i){
        f1(); f2(); f3(); f4();
    }
}

新的结果是:

f1(): 5906
f2(): 8266
f3(): 3406
f4(): 3844
f1(): 5843
f2(): 8125
f3(): 3438
f4(): 3859
f1(): 5891
f2(): 8156
f3(): 3406
f4(): 3813
f1(): 5859
f2(): 8172
f3(): 3438
f4(): 3828

10次代表:

f1(): 5844
f2(): 8156
f3(): 3453
f4(): 3813
f1(): 5844
f2(): 8218
f3(): 3485
f4(): 3937
f1(): 5985
f2(): 8156
f3(): 3422
f4(): 3781
f1(): 5828
f2(): 8234
f3(): 3469
f4(): 3828
f1(): 5844
f2(): 8328
f3(): 3422
f4(): 3859
f1(): 5844
f2(): 8188
f3(): 3406
f4(): 3797
f1(): 5906
f2(): 8219
f3(): 3422
f4(): 3797
f1(): 5843
f2(): 8203
f3(): 3454
f4(): 3906
f1(): 5844
f2(): 8140
f3(): 3469
f4(): 3812
f1(): 5860
f2(): 8109
f3(): 3422
f4(): 3813

在消除了循环之间的微积分后,结果仍然有点不同:

public class pr2 {

    public static void f1(){
        long sx = 0, s;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(long i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i);
        System.out.println("f1(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f2(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        while(i-->0);
        System.out.println("f2(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f3(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        while(--i>0);
        System.out.println("f3(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void f4(){
        long sx = 0, s, i;
        s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        do{
        }while(--i>0);
        System.out.println("f4(): " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s));
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        for(int i = 0; i < 2; ++i){
            f1(); f2(); f3(); f4();
        }
    }
}

但时差仍然存在:

f1(): 3219
f2(): 4859
f3(): 2610
f4(): 3031
f1(): 3219
f2(): 4812
f3(): 2610
f4(): 3062

JVM:

java version "1.6.0_20"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_20-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 16.3-b01, mixed mode, sharing)

后期编辑: 对于第一个版本,我使用了javac的-o参数。新的结果是:

f1(): 3219
f2(): 4859
f3(): 2610
f4(): 3031

后期编辑

好吧,我在家里尝试过同样的代码,使用Linux机器:

java version "1.6.0_18"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.8) (6b18-1.8-0ubuntu1)
OpenJDK Server VM (build 14.0-b16, mixed mode)

结果“正常”。现在没问题:

f1(): 7495
f2(): 7418
f3(): 7457
f4(): 7384