如何在Postgres中从时间戳中自动提取或索引日期?

可以在上创建索引 extract(day from created_at)

要看到区别:

创建表

knayak=# create table t as select i ,now()::timestamp + interval '1 days' * i as created_at from generate_series(1,10000) as i;
SELECT 10000

knayak=# create index ind_created_at on t(created_at);
CREATE INDEX

knayak=# explain analyze select * from t where extract(day from created_at) = 3;
                                           QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on t  (cost=0.00..205.00 rows=50 width=12) (actual time=1.049..6.020 rows=328 loops=1)
   Filter: (date_part('day'::text, created_at) = '3'::double precision)
   Rows Removed by Filter: 9672
 Planning time: 0.392 ms
 Execution time: 6.070 ms
(5 rows)

使用提取创建索引

knayak=# drop index ind_created_at;
DROP INDEX
knayak=# create index ind_created_at on t( extract(day from created_at) );
CREATE INDEX
knayak=# explain analyze select * from t where extract(day from created_at) = 3;
                                                        QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Bitmap Heap Scan on t  (cost=4.67..61.66 rows=50 width=12) (actual time=0.110..0.260 rows=328 loops=1)
   Recheck Cond: (date_part('day'::text, created_at) = '3'::double precision)
   Heap Blocks: exact=54
   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ind_created_at  (cost=0.00..4.66 rows=50 width=0) (actual time=0.093..0.093 rows=328 loops=1)
         Index Cond: (date_part('day'::text, created_at) = '3'::double precision)
 Planning time: 0.316 ms
 Execution time: 0.314 ms
(7 rows)