获取客户端IP地址:REMOTE\u ADDR、HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u,还有什么有用的?

除了 REMOTE_ADDR 和 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR 可以设置其他一些标题,例如:

• HTTP_CLIENT_IP
• HTTP\u X\u转发\u用于 可以是以逗号分隔的IP列表
• HTTP_X_FORWARDED
• HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP
• HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR
• HTTP_FORWARDED

我发现以下站点上的代码很有用:
http://www.grantburton.com/?p=97

这取决于网站的性质。

我碰巧在一个IP跟踪很重要的软件上工作,在合作伙伴网站使用的领域内,我猜大约20%-40%的请求要么是可检测到的欺骗IP,要么是被屏蔽的头,这取决于一天中的时间和它们来自何处。对于一个获得有机流量(即不是通过合作伙伴)的网站,我希望获得更高比例的好IP。

正如Kosi所说的,小心你在用它做什么——IPs绝对不是识别独特访客的可靠方法。

我已经将Grant Burton的PHP代码移植到一个ASP.Net静态方法中,该方法可针对HttpRequestBase调用。它可以选择跳过任何私有IP范围。

public static class ClientIP
{
    // based on http://www.grantburton.com/2008/11/30/fix-for-incorrect-ip-addresses-in-wordpress-comments/
    public static string ClientIPFromRequest(this HttpRequestBase request, bool skipPrivate)
    {
        foreach (var item in s_HeaderItems)
        {
            var ipString = request.Headers[item.Key];

        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(ipString))
            continue;

        if (item.Split)
        {
            foreach (var ip in ipString.Split(','))
                if (ValidIP(ip, skipPrivate))
                    return ip;
        }
        else
        {
            if (ValidIP(ipString, skipPrivate))
                return ipString;
        }
    }

    return request.UserHostAddress;
}

private static bool ValidIP(string ip, bool skipPrivate)
{
    IPAddress ipAddr;

    ip = ip == null ? String.Empty : ip.Trim();

    if (0 == ip.Length
        || false == IPAddress.TryParse(ip, out ipAddr)
        || (ipAddr.AddressFamily != AddressFamily.InterNetwork
            && ipAddr.AddressFamily != AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6))
        return false;

    if (skipPrivate && ipAddr.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
    {
        var addr = IpRange.AddrToUInt64(ipAddr);
        foreach (var range in s_PrivateRanges)
        {
            if (range.Encompasses(addr))
                return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

/// <summary>
/// Provides a simple class that understands how to parse and
/// compare IP addresses (IPV4) ranges.
/// </summary>
private sealed class IpRange
{
    private readonly UInt64 _start;
    private readonly UInt64 _end;

    public IpRange(string startStr, string endStr)
    {
        _start = ParseToUInt64(startStr);
        _end = ParseToUInt64(endStr);
    }

    public static UInt64 AddrToUInt64(IPAddress ip)
    {
        var ipBytes = ip.GetAddressBytes();
        UInt64 value = 0;

        foreach (var abyte in ipBytes)
        {
            value <<= 8;    // shift
            value += abyte;
        }

        return value;
    }

    public static UInt64 ParseToUInt64(string ipStr)
    {
        var ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipStr);
        return AddrToUInt64(ip);
    }

    public bool Encompasses(UInt64 addrValue)
    {
        return _start <= addrValue && addrValue <= _end;
    }

    public bool Encompasses(IPAddress addr)
    {
        var value = AddrToUInt64(addr);
        return Encompasses(value);
    }
};

private static readonly IpRange[] s_PrivateRanges =
    new IpRange[] { 
            new IpRange("0.0.0.0","2.255.255.255"),
            new IpRange("10.0.0.0","10.255.255.255"),
            new IpRange("127.0.0.0","127.255.255.255"),
            new IpRange("169.254.0.0","169.254.255.255"),
            new IpRange("172.16.0.0","172.31.255.255"),
            new IpRange("192.0.2.0","192.0.2.255"),
            new IpRange("192.168.0.0","192.168.255.255"),
            new IpRange("255.255.255.0","255.255.255.255")
    };


/// <summary>
/// Describes a header item (key) and if it is expected to be 
/// a comma-delimited string
/// </summary>
private sealed class HeaderItem
{
    public readonly string Key;
    public readonly bool Split;

    public HeaderItem(string key, bool split)
    {
        Key = key;
        Split = split;
    }
}

// order is in trust/use order top to bottom
private static readonly HeaderItem[] s_HeaderItems =
    new HeaderItem[] { 
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_CLIENT_IP",false),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR",true),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_X_FORWARDED",false),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP",false),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR",false),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_FORWARDED",false),
            new HeaderItem("HTTP_VIA",false),
            new HeaderItem("REMOTE_ADDR",false)
    };
}

在我看来,通常依赖客户的IP地址不是一个好的做法,因为它无法以独特的方式识别客户。

道路上的问题是,在很多情况下,IP并不真正与客户端对齐:

• 代理/Webfilter(几乎破坏所有内容)
• ...

我不能提供任何关于有多少IP地址的统计数据 平均而言 可靠但我可以告诉你的是,几乎不可能判断给定的IP地址是否是真正的客户端地址。

如果你支持代理,你应该使用 X-Forwarded-For : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For

IETF draft standard

IronPort Web安全设备、AVANU WebMux、ArrayNetworks、, Radware的AppDirector和Alteon ADC、ADC-VX和ADC-VA、F5大IP、, 气闸、Finjan的重要安全、NetApp NetCache、jetNEXUS、Crescendo Networks的Maestro、Web调节器和Websense Web安全网关。

• Apache )
• X-Real-IP( Nginx )

    [HttpGet]
    public string GetIP()
    {
        IPAddress[] ipv4Addresses = Array.FindAll(
            Dns.GetHostEntry(string.Empty).AddressList,
            a => a.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
        return ipv4Addresses.ToString();
    }

保留断点后检查,并根据需要使用。 这对我来说很好。