用Java复制文件的标准简明方法?

http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/nio/channels/FileChannel.html#transferTo(long,%20long,%20java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel)

其中一篇链接文章介绍了如何使用transferFrom将此函数集成到代码中的一个好方法:

public static void copyFile(File sourceFile, File destFile) throws IOException {
    if(!destFile.exists()) {
        destFile.createNewFile();
    }

    FileChannel source = null;
    FileChannel destination = null;

    try {
        source = new FileInputStream(sourceFile).getChannel();
        destination = new FileOutputStream(destFile).getChannel();
        destination.transferFrom(source, 0, source.size());
    }
    finally {
        if(source != null) {
            source.close();
        }
        if(destination != null) {
            destination.close();
        }
    }
}

学习NIO可能有点棘手,所以您可能希望在开始学习NIO之前,相信这个机制。从个人经验来看,如果您没有这种经验,并且是通过java.IO流介绍给IO的,那么要了解这一点可能非常困难。

正如上面提到的工具箱,ApacheCommonsIO是一条路要走,特别是 FileUtils . copyFile() ; 它为你处理所有的重物。

作为后记,请注意FileUtils的最新版本(如2.0.1版本)添加了NIO用于复制文件; NIO can significantly increase file-copying performance

现在使用Java 7,您可以使用以下try-with-resource语法:

public static void copyFile( File from, File to ) throws IOException {

    if ( !to.exists() ) { to.createNewFile(); }

    try (
        FileChannel in = new FileInputStream( from ).getChannel();
        FileChannel out = new FileOutputStream( to ).getChannel() ) {

        out.transferFrom( in, 0, in.size() );
    }
}

或者,更好的是,这也可以通过使用Java 7中引入的新文件类来实现:

public static void copyFile( File from, File to ) throws IOException {
    Files.copy( from.toPath(), to.toPath() );
}

• 这些方法是经过性能设计的(它们与操作系统本机I/O集成)。
• 这些方法适用于文件、目录和链接。
• 所提供的每个选项都可以省略-它们是可选的。

实用程序类

package com.yourcompany.nio;

class Files {

    static int copyRecursive(Path source, Path target, boolean prompt, CopyOptions options...) {
        CopyVisitor copyVisitor = new CopyVisitor(source, target, options).copy();
        EnumSet<FileVisitOption> fileVisitOpts;
        if (Arrays.toList(options).contains(java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS) {
            fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.noneOf(FileVisitOption.class) 
        } else {
            fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);
        }
        Files.walkFileTree(source[i], fileVisitOpts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, copyVisitor);
    }

    private class CopyVisitor implements FileVisitor<Path>  {
        final Path source;
        final Path target;
        final CopyOptions[] options;

        CopyVisitor(Path source, Path target, CopyOptions options...) {
             this.source = source;  this.target = target;  this.options = options;
        };

        @Override
        FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
        // before visiting entries in a directory we copy the directory
        // (okay if directory already exists).
        Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
        try {
            Files.copy(dir, newdir, options);
        } catch (FileAlreadyExistsException x) {
            // ignore
        } catch (IOException x) {
            System.err.format("Unable to create: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
            return SKIP_SUBTREE;
        }
        return CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
        Path newfile= target.resolve(source.relativize(file));
        try {
            Files.copy(file, newfile, options);
        } catch (IOException x) {
            System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", source, x);
        }
        return CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
        // fix up modification time of directory when done
        if (exc == null && Arrays.toList(options).contains(COPY_ATTRIBUTES)) {
            Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
            try {
                FileTime time = Files.getLastModifiedTime(dir);
                Files.setLastModifiedTime(newdir, time);
            } catch (IOException x) {
                System.err.format("Unable to copy all attributes to: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
            }
        }
        return CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
        if (exc instanceof FileSystemLoopException) {
            System.err.println("cycle detected: " + file);
        } else {
            System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", file, exc);
        }
        return CONTINUE;
    }
}

复制目录或文件

long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.copy( 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(), 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES,
                 java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);

移动目录或文件

long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.move( 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(), 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE,
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

递归复制目录或文件

long bytes = com.yourcompany.nio.Files.copyRecursive( 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(), 
                 new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
                 java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES
                 java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS );

在Java7中很容易。。。

File src = new File("original.txt");
File target = new File("copy.txt");

Files.copy(src.toPath(), target.toPath(), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

public void copy(File src, File dst) throws IOException {
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
    try {
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dst);
        try {
            // Transfer bytes from in to out
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = in.read(buf)) > 0) {
                out.write(buf, 0, len);
            }
        } finally {
            out.close();
        }
    } finally {
        in.close();
    }
}

请注意,所有这些机制都只复制文件的内容,而不复制权限等元数据。因此,如果要在linux上复制或移动一个可执行的.sh文件,那么新文件将不会是可执行的。

为了真正复制或移动文件,即获得与从命令行复制相同的结果,实际上需要使用本机工具。shell脚本或JNI。

http://today.java.net/pub/a/today/2008/07/03/jsr-203-new-file-apis.html . 祝你好运!

谷歌的番石榴图书馆也有一个 copy method

public static void copy(File from,
                        File to)
                 throws IOException

将所有字节从一个文件复制到另一个文件。

警告: to 表示现有文件,即该文件 将被的内容覆盖 from 到 和 参考 相同的 文件,该文件的内容 将被删除。

从…起 -源文件

IOException -如果发生I/O错误 IllegalArgumentException from.equals(to)

在Java 7中作为标准提供,path.copyTo: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/nio/javadoc/java/nio/file/Path.html http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/io/copy.html

我不敢相信他们花了这么长时间才将文件复制这样普通而简单的事情标准化:(

上述代码可能存在三个问题:

1. 如果getChannel引发异常,则可能会泄漏开放流。

这就是为什么 org.apache.tools.ant.util.ResourceUtils.copyResource Bug ID:5056395 )杰西·格利克·扬

FileCopyUtils Spring框架的一部分。

爪哇7

java.nio.file.Files#copy

private static void copyFileUsingJava7Files(File source, File dest) throws IOException {
    Files.copy(source.toPath(), dest.toPath());
}

阿帕奇公地酒店 :

FileUtils#copyFile

private static void copyFileUsingApacheCommonsIO(File source, File dest) throws IOException {
    FileUtils.copyFile(source, dest);
}

番石榴

Files#copy

private static void copyFileUsingGuava(File source,File dest) throws IOException{
    Files.copy(source,dest);          
}

public static void copyFile(File src, File dst) throws IOException
{
    long p = 0, dp, size;
    FileChannel in = null, out = null;

    try
    {
        if (!dst.exists()) dst.createNewFile();

        in = new FileInputStream(src).getChannel();
        out = new FileOutputStream(dst).getChannel();
        size = in.size();

        while ((dp = out.transferFrom(in, p, size)) > 0)
        {
            p += dp;
        }
    }
    finally {
        try
        {
            if (out != null) out.close();
        }
        finally {
            if (in != null) in.close();
        }
    }
}

根据我的测试,带缓冲区的NIO拷贝是最快的。请参阅下面的工作代码,该代码来自于 https://github.com/mhisoft/fastcopy

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;


public class test {

private static final int BUFFER = 4096*16;
static final DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#,###.##");
public static void nioBufferCopy(final File source, final File target )  {
    FileChannel in = null;
    FileChannel out = null;
    double  size=0;
    long overallT1 =  System.currentTimeMillis();

    try {
        in = new FileInputStream(source).getChannel();
        out = new FileOutputStream(target).getChannel();
        size = in.size();
        double size2InKB = size / 1024 ;
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(BUFFER);

        while (in.read(buffer) != -1) {
            buffer.flip();

            while(buffer.hasRemaining()){
                out.write(buffer);
            }

            buffer.clear();
        }
        long overallT2 =  System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(String.format("Copied %s KB in %s millisecs", df.format(size2InKB),  (overallT2 - overallT1)));
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    finally {
        close(in);
        close(out);
    }
}

private static void close(Closeable closable)  {
    if (closable != null) {
        try {
            closable.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (FastCopy.debug)
                e.printStackTrace();
        }    
    }
}

}

快速且适用于所有版本的Java和Android:

private void copy(final File f1, final File f2) throws IOException {
    f2.createNewFile();

    final RandomAccessFile file1 = new RandomAccessFile(f1, "r");
    final RandomAccessFile file2 = new RandomAccessFile(f2, "rw");

    file2.getChannel().write(file1.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, f1.length()));

    file1.close();
    file2.close();
}

派对有点晚了,但这里比较了使用各种文件复制方法复制文件所需的时间。我重复了10次这些方法,取平均值。使用IO流进行文件传输似乎是最差的选择:

方法如下:

private static long fileCopyUsingFileStreams(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(fileToCopy);
    FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
    int bytesRead;
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    while ((bytesRead = input.read(buf)) > 0)
    {
        output.write(buf, 0, bytesRead);
    }
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    input.close();
    output.close();

    return (end-start);
}

private static long fileCopyUsingNIOChannelClass(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
    FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileToCopy);
    FileChannel inChannel = inputStream.getChannel();

    FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
    FileChannel outChannel = outputStream.getChannel();

    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    inChannel.transferTo(0, fileToCopy.length(), outChannel);
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    inputStream.close();
    outputStream.close();

    return (end-start);
}

private static long fileCopyUsingApacheCommons(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    FileUtils.copyFile(fileToCopy, newFile);
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    return (end-start);
}

private static long fileCopyUsingNIOFilesClass(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
    Path source = Paths.get(fileToCopy.getPath());
    Path destination = Paths.get(newFile.getPath());
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    Files.copy(source, destination, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    return (end-start);
}

我在使用NIO通道类时看到的唯一缺点是,我似乎仍然找不到显示中间文件复制进度的方法。